Term
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Definition
| binds to promoter region of DNA at the 3' end and makes the mRNA 5' to 3', no primer needed |
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Term
| how many DNA strands are used for transcription |
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Definition
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Term
| what will the coding strand be identical to, what will it be antiparallel to? |
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Definition
| identical to the RNA made, antiparallel to the template excapt for no T |
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Term
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Definition
| NTPs, RNA polymerase uses them to make the new RNA templates |
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Term
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Definition
| the first base to be transcribed |
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Term
| what is the region in the 3' direction from the +1 DNA base |
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Definition
| downstream, positive numbers |
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Term
| what is the region in the 5' direction from the +1 DNA base |
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Definition
| upstream, negative numbers |
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Term
| what are the parts of RNA polymerase |
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Definition
| core enzyme and sigma factor |
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Term
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Definition
| part of RNA polymerase. 4 subunits, has RNA polymerase activity |
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Term
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Definition
| part of RNA polymerase. regcognizes and bind the promoter sequence. they are different for different promoters. |
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Term
| what happens to the sigma factor after it does its job |
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Definition
| it dissociates from the enzyme |
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Term
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Definition
| recognition of the promoter by the holoenzyme |
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Term
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Definition
| has two consensus sequences recognised by sigma factor |
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Term
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Definition
aka pribnow box
consensus sequence of 6 nucleotides
10 nucleotides upstream |
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Term
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Definition
| concensus sequence 35 nucleotides upstream |
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Term
| what reactions occur when a nucleotide is added to a growing RNA template |
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Definition
| pyrophospate is released then another is cleaved by pyrophosphatase, so 2 high energy bonds used |
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Term
| rho dependent determination |
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Definition
| requires the protein rho factor that displaces the DNA template strand allowing RNA polymerase to dissociate |
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Term
| rho independent termination |
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Definition
| requires a CG rich stem loop followed by a poly U (DNA bonded to itself) stretch causing RNA polymerase to dissociate |
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Term
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Definition
aka rifamycin
binds to prokaryotic RNA polymerase and prevents transcription
treats TB |
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Term
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Definition
| less dense version of chromatin, accessable to RNA polymerase, made by acetylating H1 to revert chromatin to nuclesomes |
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Term
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Definition
| condense chromatin not being used, highly methlyated |
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Term
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Definition
in eukaryotes
transcribes precursors to rRNA in the nucleolus |
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Term
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Definition
| transcribes the precursor to mRNA in the nucleoplasm |
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Term
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Definition
eukaryotic
transcribes tRNA precursors |
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Term
| initiation in eukaryotic transcription |
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Definition
| RNA polymerase 2 recognises two consensus sequences (hogness box and CAAT box) |
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Term
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Definition
| consensus sequence TATA box in eukaryotes, 25 upstream |
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Term
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Definition
| consensus sequence in eukaryotes, 70 upstream |
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Term
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Definition
same in prokaryotes and eukaryotes
3 rRNA are transcribed as a single large precursor by RNA polymerase 1 in the nucleolus, indivigual rRNAs are cleaved out by RNAases, in eukaryotes the 4th rRNA is transcribed by RNA polymerase 3 then it does: intron loop removed, trim the 5' and 3' ends, base modifications, add 3' CCA |
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Term
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Definition
| part of eukaryote mRNA, addition of a 7-methylguanosine to the 5' end, ribosome recognition rignal and protects mRNA |
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Term
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Definition
3' terminus contains a polyadenylation signal, poly a polymerase adds a stretch of adenine residues
signal for transport out of the nucleus, protects mRNA from nucleases
not encoded in the gene, the signal sequences is the A's are not |
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Term
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Definition
eukaryote
aka splicing
snRNPs made of snRnas and proteins combined with primary transcript from splicesome splice the introns |
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Term
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Definition
| made of snRNPs and primary transcript, splices introns |
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Term
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Definition
| part of the splicesome that splices introns |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| to remove introns, have specific sequences, mutations can cause incorrect splicing |
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Term
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Definition
| joining of different exons together to form different proteins after splicing, makes genome smaller |
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Term
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Definition
autoimmune disease
aantibodies to snRNPs and nucleic acids
tested by antinuclear antibody panel
butterfly rash |
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Term
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Definition
death cap mushroom
genus amanita
mushroom that accounts for 95% of mushroom deaths
alpha amanitin binds to RNA polymerase 2 inhibiting mRNA synthesis
leads to liver failure |
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