Nucleic Acids:

contain:

made of:

such as:

function:

sources:

-contain C,H,O,N,P

-made of nucleotides

-such as DNA, RNA

-contains genetic info, stores energy, controls enzyme reaction

-all foods

Proteins

contains:

made of: 

such as:

function:

source:

-contain C,H,O,N,S

-made of amino acids

-such as meats and dairy

-messengers and receptors of messages, defense against disease,skin & hair & muscles.

-meats,legumes

Lipids

contain:

made of:

such as:

function: 

source:

-contain C,H,O

-made of fatty acids, glycerol

-such as fats, oils, waxes

-storage of energy and C, forms parts of cell membrane,chemical messengers. (also nonpolar)

-liquids of solid fats

Carbohydrates

contain:

made of:

such as:

function:

source:

-contain C,H,O

-made of monosaccharides

-such as sugars,starches,cellulose

-structural material,provides energy or stores energy.

-sugar and starchy food.

Carbohydrates, Lipids, Protein, Nucleic Acid

• basic unites of carbs. means "one sugar"
• are isomers of C6-H12-O6
• examples: glucose(blood sugar), galactose(milk)

• 2 monos joined by dehydration. 2 simple sugars
• C12-H22-O11
• examples: sucrose(glu+fru), lactose(glu+galact), maltose(2 glu)

• forms complex carbohydrates when simple sugars act as "links" in long "chains". sugars linked together be condensation synthesis
• examples:
• starch(energy stared in plants),
• cellulose (plant cell walls),
• glycogen (stored in muscles/liver)

Triglycerides, phosolipids, & cholesterol

-Trigly are 3 fatty acids in a group. Types of fatty acides are satured and unsatured.

-Phosolipids form cell membranes and are 2 fatty acids combined with a phosphate group. helps form cell membrane

-Cholesterol is a membrane structure & chemical messenger (sex hormone)

• single bonds, join carbon atoms,filled with hydrogen atoms
• example: solid, animal fat

double bonds, join same carbon atoms.

example: liquids, many come from plants

• Primary-sequence of amino acids
• Secondary-twist in amino chain
• Tertiary-bonding between adjacent amino acids(determines 3-D shape and function)

• protein catalysts
• they work on substrate molecules
• not used up in a reaction
• specific(only works for one type of reaction)
• destroyed by high temperature.

• Temperature
• pH levels

dioxyribose sugar:

A=T

C=G

• double strand 
• composed of nucleotides
• base Uracil replaces thymine (bonds with adenine)
• ribose=sugar

• Adenosine, Triphosphate
• structure similar to nucleic acids
• P's in a circle is ATP

1. atoms can lose electrons
2. atoms can gain electrons
3. atoms can share electrons

created when 2 atoms share electrons. (strongest bond)

2 hydrogens and 1 oxygen is removed

• doesnt involve gaining,losing,or sharing electrons. 
• important to cellular functions. 
• occurs between polar functions. weaker than ionic bonds.

• function:stores extra glucose
• structure:long straight chains of glucose;glucose molecules face the same way

• functions: forms cell walls
• structure: long straight chains of glucose; glucose molecules are flipped over

• function: stores glucose in the liver
• structure: long branching chains of glucose

• function: structural polyssacharide
• structure: long chains of glucose but with molecular substitution in each of the glusose rings

• cells are 70-95% water
• has 3 states
• universal solvent
• polar
• surface tension