Term
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Definition
| Ketone body synthesized in the liver for energy via citric acid cycle CH3-C=O-CH2-COO- |
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Term
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Definition
| Ketone body formed by nonenzymatic decarboxylation of acetoacetate O=C-(CH3)2 + CO2 |
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Term
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Definition
| Carbon-Oxygen functional group, acid + acid R-C=OOO=C-R |
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Term
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Definition
| Purine base: amino groups only on rings |
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Term
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Definition
| Carbon-Oxygen functional group, most reduced form R-OH |
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Term
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Definition
| Carbon-Oxygen functional group R-C=OH |
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Term
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Definition
| If the carboxyl group is an aldehyde, the sugar is an aldose (i.e. glucose, glyceraldehyde) |
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Term
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Definition
| Acid + amine (remove H2O), polypeptide bonds are amides if formed from 2 amino acids RO=C-NH |
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Term
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Definition
| Compounds with amino group & carboxylic acid group (always L-alpha in proteins) |
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Term
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Definition
| Carbon-Nitrogen functional group R-NH2 |
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Term
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Definition
| Molecule with both polar (hydrophilic) and nonpolar (hydrophobic) portions in its structure. |
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Term
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Definition
| Branched polymer of glucosyl residues (form of starch) |
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Term
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Definition
| Carbon at which anomers rotate (mutarotation between alpha & beta anomers) |
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Term
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Definition
| Polyunsaturated fatty acid, 20 carbons, 4 double bonds, omega6 fatty acid |
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Term
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Definition
| Carbon-Oxygen functional group R-C=OOH |
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Term
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Definition
| Amide formed from sphingosine by attaching fatty acid to amino group |
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Term
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Definition
| Steroid precursor in human cells for every synthesized steriod hormone |
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Term
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Definition
| Most natural fatty acids in this position (hydrogens on same side of double bond acyl chain) |
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Term
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Definition
| Pyrimidine base; amino and keto groups on ring |
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Term
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Definition
| 5 carbon monosaccharide formed from reduction of ribose, major component of DNA |
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Term
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Definition
| 2 monosaccharides bound by O-gylcosidic bond |
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Term
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Definition
| Carbon-Sulfur functional group, oxidized C-S-S-C |
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Term
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Definition
| Stereoisomers that differ in position of hydroxyl group at only one asymmetric carbon |
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Term
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Definition
| Carbon-Oxygen functional group, alcohol + carboxylic acid R-C=OO-C-R |
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Term
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Definition
| Carbon-Oxygen functional group, not very soluble R-C-O-C-R |
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Term
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Definition
| Straight aliphatic chain with methyl (omega-C) & carboxyl groups at opposite ends |
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Term
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Definition
| 6-carbon monosaccharide, ketohexose |
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Term
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Definition
| 6-carbon monosaccharide, aldohexose; epimer of glucose |
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Term
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Definition
| Conj. base form of gluconic acid, which is a product of oxidation of the aldehyde carbon of glucose |
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Term
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Definition
| 6-carbon monosaccharide, aldohexosesimple sugar body breaks down for energy |
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Term
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Definition
| Conj. base form of glucoronic acid, which is a product of oxidation of the OH group at the terminal carbon of glucose |
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Term
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Definition
| Polysaccharidestorage form of glucose in human cells |
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Term
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Definition
| Formed between hemiacetal group of saccharide and OH or NH group of another compound |
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Term
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Definition
| Purine base: amino and keto groups on rings |
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Term
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Definition
| Monosaccharide sugar with 7 carbon atoms |
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Term
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Definition
| Monosaccharide sugar with 6 carbon atoms |
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Term
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Definition
| Dissociation of water (radiation) H2O ? H* + OH* |
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Term
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Definition
| Participant in the enzyme (reducing-sugar) test for glucose in blood; Glucose + O2 =>glucose oxidase => gluconate + H2O2 |
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Term
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Definition
| ketone body (without a ketone group), synthesized in liver for energy CH3-COH-CH2-COO- |
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Term
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Definition
| 1 carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to two other carbon atoms R-C-CO-C-R |
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Term
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Definition
| If the carbonyl group is a ketone, the sugar is a ketose (i.e. fructose, dihydroxyacetate) |
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Term
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Definition
| Disaccharide of galactose and glucose bonded by a ?-1?4 glycosidic bond |
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Term
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Definition
| Polyunsaturated fatty acid, 18 carbons, 3 double bonds, omega3 fatty acid |
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Term
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Definition
| Product of removal of a fatty acid group from lecithin (phosphatidylcholine) |
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Term
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Definition
| Chain of 3 or more carbons, one forms a carboxyl group w/ double bonded oxygen |
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Term
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Definition
| Fatty acid chain that contains 1 double-bonded carbon |
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Term
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Definition
| Alpha- or beta-glycosidic bonds found in nucleosides & nucleotides |
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Term
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Definition
| Highly toxic, reactive free radical |
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Term
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Definition
| Monounsaturated fatty acid, 18 carbons, 1 double bond, omega9 fatty acid |
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Term
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Definition
| 3 to 12 monosaccharides bound by N- or O-gylcosidic bonds |
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Term
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Definition
| Final methyl group on fatty acid chain regardless chain length |
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Term
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Definition
| Saturated fatty acid chain of 16 carbons |
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Term
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Definition
| monosaccharide sugar with 5 carbon atoms |
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Term
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Definition
| Precursor for synthesis of phosphoacylglycerols, phospate group attached @ #3 carbon |
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Term
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Definition
| Major phosphoacylglycerols found in membranes, amphipathic (lecithin) |
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Term
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Definition
| Carbon-Phosphate functional group, phosphoric acid + alcohol H2O (HO)2O=P-O-C |
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Term
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Definition
| Alcohol product of reduction of a carbonyl on a monosaccharide to a hydroxyl. Example: reduction of both glucose and fructose results in sorbitol, a polyol |
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Term
| POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACID - |
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Definition
| Fatty acid chain that contains 2 or more double bonded carbon |
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Term
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Definition
| 10 to thousands of monosaccharides bound by gylcosidic bonds |
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Term
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Definition
| Nitrogen containing rings that accept & donate electrons while still part of ring (2 rings) |
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Term
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Definition
| Nitrogen containing rings that accept & donate electrons while still part of ring (1 ring) |
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Term
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Definition
| Carbon-Nitrogen functional group, soluble, (i.e. choline) R-N+-(CH3)3 |
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Term
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Definition
| Compound with one unpaired electron, toxic & cause cell destruction or death |
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Term
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Definition
| 5-carbon monosaccharide. If one of the hydroxyl groups is reduced, deoxyribose results. |
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Term
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Definition
| Alcohol formed by reduction of glucose aldehyde group, a polyol |
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Term
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Definition
| Phosphorylcholine group attached to ceramide; component of cell membrane & myelin sheath |
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Term
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Definition
| Have same chemical formula but differ in hydroxyl position on 1 or more asymetrical carbons |
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Term
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Definition
| Saturated fatty acid chain of 18 carbons |
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Term
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Definition
| Carbon-Sulfur functional group, polar, highly electroneg. & reactive. R-SH |
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Term
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Definition
| Radical produced by cell that causes much destruction (superoxide anion) O2- |
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Term
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Definition
| Monosaccharide sugar with 4 carbon atoms |
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Term
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Definition
| Carbon-Sulfur functional group, sufhydryl + acid H2O R-C=OS-C-R |
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Term
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Definition
| Pyrimidine base: amino and keto groups on ring |
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Term
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Definition
| Monosaccharide sugar with 3 carbon atoms |
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Term
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Definition
| Contain 1 or more double bonded carbon in chain |
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Term
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Definition
| Pyrimidine base: amino and keto groups on ring, replaces thymine in RNA |
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