Term
Which of the amino acids have aliphatic side chains? |
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Definition
Glycine (gly); Alanine (ala); Valine (val); Leucine (leu); Proline (pro); Isoleucine (ile)
Mnemonic: “Getting Around Vienna Looks Pretty Impossible” |
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Term
Which of the amino acids have aromatic side chains? |
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Definition
Phenylalanine (phe); Tyrosine (tyr); Tryptophan (trp)
Mnemonic: “Perfume Tastes Terrible” |
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Term
Which of the amino acids are basic? |
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Definition
Histidine (his); Lysine (lys); Arginine (arg)
Mnemonic “He Looks Awful” |
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Term
Which of the amino acids are acidic? |
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Definition
Aspartic (asp); Glutamic (glu); Asparagine (asn); Glutamine (gln)
“Acidic Grapes Are Good” |
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Term
Defects in the metabolism of which amino acids lead to maple syrup urine disease? |
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Definition
The branched aliphatic amino acids:
Valine (val); Leucine (leu); Isoleucine (Iso) |
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Term
What disorders arise from defects in the metabolism of tyrosine? Phenylalanine? |
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Definition
Tyrosine: tyrosinosis, albinism (lack of skin pigmentation), and alcaptonuria (“dark urine disease”)
Phenyalanine: phenylketonuria (PKU), which causes mental retardation and early death if untreated |
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Term
With respect to the amino acids discussed, what is the cause of pellagra? |
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Definition
A lack of tryptophan in the diet (i.e. in poor areas where corn is the dietary staple) |
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Term
Which amino acids have hydroxyl groups on the sidechain? Which amino acids contain sulfur? When they are in proteins, what kinds of reactions do these amino acids occasionally undergo? |
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Definition
Hydroxyl groups: Serine (ser) and Threonine (thr)
Sulfur: Cysteine (cys) and Methionine (met)
They are frequently found modified by phosphorylation. |
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Term
Which amino acids are referred to as essential? |
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Definition
Phenylalanine, Valine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Isoleucine, Methionine, Histidine, Arginine, Leucine, Lysine
Pvt Tim Hall |
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Term
Name at least four types of compounds for which amino acids are the precursors:
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Definition
§ Glucose: from alanine
§ Thyroid hormone: from tyrosine
§ Histamine: from Histidine
§ Hemes/Purines: from glycine
§ Purines/Pyrimidines/Sphingosine: from serine
§ Nicotinamide nucleotides: from tryptophan
§ Nitric oxide: from arginine
§ GABA: from glutamate |
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