Term
| Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase II reaction |
|
Definition
| HCO3 + 2 ATP + Gln → Carbomoyl-P + Glu + 2 ADP + Pi |
|
|
Term
| Location of carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Location of carbamoyl phosphate synthetase II |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Nitrogen donor for carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Nitrogen donor for carbamoyl phosphate synthetase II |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Dihydroorotase has what cofactors (2) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Location of dihydroorotase |
|
Definition
| Inner mitochondrial membrane |
|
|
Term
| Purine salvage enzyme to make IMP |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase inhibitor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1) Rheumatic arthritis, 2) psoriatic arthritis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Deficiency in last two steps of OMP synthesis |
|
|
Term
| Orotic aciduria leads to what (2) |
|
Definition
| 1) Mental retardation, 2) megaloblastic anemia |
|
|
Term
| Purine ring origin: atom #1 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Purine ring origin: atom #2 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Purine ring origin: atom #3 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Purine ring origin: atom #4 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Purine ring origin: atom #5 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Purine ring origin: atom #6 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Purine ring origin: atom #7 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Purine ring origin: atom #8 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Purine ring origin: atom #9 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Origin of atoms in purine rings (5) |
|
Definition
| 1) Gly, 2) Asp, 3) Gln (x2), 4) N10-formyl-THF (x2), 5) CO2 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| N-donor for carbamoyl-P synthetase II |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| N-donor for PRPP → phosphoribosylamine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| IMP → AMP synthesis: which NTP is used |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| IMP → GMP synthesis: which NTP is used |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Inhibitors of PRPP synthetase (2) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Inhibitors of PR synthase (3) |
|
Definition
| 1) AMP, 2) GMP, 3) IMP [All are products] |
|
|
Term
| Lesch-Nyhan syndrome cause |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lesch-Nyhan syndrome effects (2) |
|
Definition
| 1) Self-mutilation, 2) hyperuricemia |
|
|
Term
| Familial infantile autism cause |
|
Definition
| Deficiency of adenylsuccinate lyase |
|
|
Term
| Purine salvage enzyme to make XMP |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Purine salvage enzyme to make AMP |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| General reaction of HGPRTase and APRTase |
|
Definition
| Base + phosphoribosyl → NMP + PPi |
|
|
Term
| Purine salvage enzymes (2) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Deoxyribonucleotide synthesis by what enzyme |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ribonucleotide reductase general reaction |
|
Definition
| ribo-PP + thioredoxin-SH → deoxyribo-PP + thioredoxin |
|
|
Term
| What recycles oxidized thioredoxin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Thioredoxin reductase uses what reducing source |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ribonucleotide reductase: what's "special" about the reaction |
|
Definition
| Free radical (through Tyr residue) |
|
|
Term
| Ribonucleotide reductase allosteric regulation |
|
Definition
| Elaborate: sites for ribo-TP & deoxyribo-TP to ensure balance of all 4 products |
|
|
Term
| Ribonucleotide reductase: master off switch |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Thymidine synthesis by what enzyme |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Thydiylate synthase general reaction |
|
Definition
| dUMP + methylene-THF → TMP + DHF |
|
|
Term
| Thydiylate synthase: methyl donor |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Thydiylate synthase: electron donor |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What restorese used methylene-THF by thydiylate synthase |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase (2) |
|
Definition
| 1) Methotrexate, 2) 5-fluorouracil |
|
|
Term
| Methotrexate ultimately inhibits synthesis of what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Methotrexate leads to what condition and how |
|
Definition
| Macrocytic anemia by blocking Met synthesis |
|
|
Term
| 5-Fluorouracil is different from methotrexate how (2) |
|
Definition
| 1) Does not cause macrocytic anemia, 2) leucovorin potentiates effects instead |
|
|
Term
| Why give leucovorin to high does methotrexate patients |
|
Definition
| Leucovorin competes more readily in normal cells than methotrexate and keeps them alive by not letting methotrexate kill them |
|
|
Term
| Pyrimidine degradation: C → |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pyrimidine degradation: U → |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pyrimidine degradation: T → |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Purine degradation: adenosine → |
|
Definition
| Inosine → hypoxanthine → xanthine |
|
|
Term
| Purine degradation: SAH → |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Uric acid production reactions |
|
Definition
| Hypoxanthine → xanthine → uric acid |
|
|
Term
| Forms of the enzyme that creates uric acid (2) |
|
Definition
| 1) Xanthine DH, 2) xanthine oxidase |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cofactor for xanthine oxidase |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Special prosthetics of xanthine DH/oxidase (2) |
|
Definition
| 1) Molybdenum, 2) non-heme Fe/S cluster |
|
|
Term
| Inhibitor of xanthine DH/oxidase |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Effects of allopurinol (2) |
|
Definition
| 1) Prevents Mo4+ to Mo6+ re-oxidation, 2) added to PRPP by HGPRTase inhibiting purine synthesis |
|
|
Term
| Causes of hyperuricemia (7) |
|
Definition
| 1) HGPRTase deficiency, 2) AMP → ATP conversion deficiency, 3) glycogen storage diseases, 4) carnitine acyltransferase deficiency, 5) von Gierke's, 6) tumor lysis syndrome, 7) crush injuries |
|
|
Term
| Uric acid crystals in urine lead to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Na-urate deposition in joints |
|
|
Term
| Adenosine deaminase deficiency |
|
Definition
| Toxic buildup of adenosine and deoxyadenosine |
|
|
Term
| Effects of toxic adenosine/deoxyadenosine buildup (2) |
|
Definition
| 1) Inhibits DNA synthesis, 2) drives WBC apoptosis |
|
|
Term
| Treatment for adenosine deaminase deficiency |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A good treatment option for tumor lysis syndrome |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ethanol metabolism general reactions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Enzymes that catalyze EtOH → ethanal (2) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Enzyme that catalyzes ethanal → acetate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| EtOH + NAD → ethanal + NADH |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ethanal + NAD → acetate + NADH |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| EtOH + NADPH + O2 → ethanal + NADP + H2O |
|
|
Term
| Km of MEOS vs. alcohol DH |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| MEOS is in what superfamily of enzymes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Anabuse inhibits what enzyme and leads to what |
|
Definition
| Inhibits aldehyde DH leading to buildup of ethanal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Methanol metabolsim general reactions |
|
Definition
| MeOH → formaldehyde → formic acid |
|
|
Term
| Consequences of methanol metbolism (3) |
|
Definition
| 1) Formic acid toxic to CN II, 2) anion gap metabolic acidosis, 3) saturation of formyl-THF synthesis (not bad in itself) |
|
|
Term
| Treatments of methanol poisoning (4) |
|
Definition
| 1) 4-Methylpyrazole, 2) EtOH, 3) hemodialysis, 4) NOT bicarbonate |
|
|
Term
| Why is bicarbonate not given for methanol poisoning |
|
Definition
| Suppressing breathing response to metabolic acidosis |
|
|
Term
| Ethylene glycol metabolism general reactions (2) |
|
Definition
| 1) Ethylene glycol → oxalate, 2) ethylene glycol → glycolate → oxalate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ca2+ chelator in renal tubules → shreds tubules |
|
|
Term
| Alcoholic ketosis consequences |
|
Definition
| 1) High lactate, 2) high ketones, 3) elevated β-hydroxybutyrate/acetoaldehyde ratio (10x higher), 4) maybe normal pH, 5) cortisol, 6) adrenalin |
|
|
Term
| Will dipstick catch alcoholic ketosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why might pH be normal in alcoholic ketosis |
|
Definition
| Acidosis offset by vomitting |
|
|
Term
| What is the β-hydroxybutyrate/acetoacetate ratio in alcoholic keotis |
|
Definition
| 20:1 to 30:1 [10x normal 2:1 to 3:1 ratio] |
|
|
Term
| What drives high β-hydroxybutyrate/acetoacetate ratio |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| High NADH:NAD ratio drives what (2) |
|
Definition
| 1) Inability to form Pyr from Lac, 2) OAA pushed to malate → ketones |
|
|
Term
| Malnutrition deficits that setup alcoholic ketosis (4) |
|
Definition
| 1) Liver glycogen absence, 2) glucagon induction, 3) insulin suppression, 4) gluconeogesis |
|
|
Term
| Longer the fatty acid: higher or lower boiling point |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| More cis bonds: higher or lower boiling point |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What FA's discussed are ω-3 (2) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What FA's discussed are ω-6 (3) |
|
Definition
| 1) Linoleic, 2) linolenic, 3) arachidonic |
|
|
Term
| Describe what is on lysophosphatidic acid |
|
Definition
| sn-1=FA, sn-2=nothing, sn-3=PO4 |
|
|
Term
| Describe what is on phosphatidic acid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Membrane phospholipids: which position usually has saturated FA |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Membrane phospholipids: which position usually has unsaturated FA |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Membrane phospholipid: name the type with -CH2-CH2-NH3 on sn-3's PO4 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Membrane phospholipid: name the type with -CH2-CH2-N(CH3)3 on sn-3's PO4 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Membrane phospholipid: name the type with -CH2-CH(CHOO)-NH3 on sn-3's PO4 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Membrane phospholipid: name the type with -CH2-CH(OH)-CH2-OH on sn-3's PO4 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cardiolipin has what structure |
|
Definition
| Two phosphatidic acids joined by a glycerol |
|
|
Term
| Describe what is on plasmalogens |
|
Definition
| sn-1 is ether-linked alkene, sn-2=FA, sn-3=PO4-choline |
|
|
Term
| Describe what is on platelet-activating factor |
|
Definition
| sn-1 is ether-linked alkane, sn-2=acetyl ester, sn-3=PO4-choline |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine |
|
|
Term
| Phospholipase A1 cleaves where |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Phospholipase A2 cleaves where |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Phospholipase B cleaves where |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Phospholipase C cleaves where |
|
Definition
| Before P on phosphate on sn-3 |
|
|
Term
| Phospholipase D cleaves where |
|
Definition
| After P on phosphate on sn-3 |
|
|
Term
| Which phospholipase cleaves off IP3 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Dephosphorylates IP3 to IP2 |
|
|
Term
| Glucocorticoids ___ [inhibit or induce] transcription of ____ in adipocytes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Glucocorticoids ___ [inhibit or induce] transcription of ____ in hepatocytes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Steroids reduce concentration of what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1) HPETE, 2) leukotrienes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1) Prostaglandins, 2) thromboxane |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which COX is constituitive |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which COX is induced by inflammation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which COX is in most tissues |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| After aspirin takes effect, what product change is there |
|
Definition
| Shift to make anti-inflammatory |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Suggested ratio of ω-6 to ω-3 ratio |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Non-enzymatically by reactive oxygen species |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A biomarker for oxidative stress |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sugar for cerebroside from (2) |
|
Definition
| 1) Glc from UDP-Glc, 2) Gal from UDP-Gal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ceremide + PO4-choline on sn-3 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Group of cerebrosides & gangliosides |
|
|
Term
| Glycosphingolipids have what charge |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sphingomyelins have what charge |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ceremide + one or more sialic acids |
|
|
Term
| Gangliosides have what charge |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ganglioside + sulfated galactosyl |
|
|
Term
| Sulfate for sulfatides comes from |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cofactor for forming sphingosine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In what form are fatty acids added |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where are sphingolipids synthesized (2) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What degrade sphingolipids |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lipid rafts consist of more of what lipids (2) |
|
Definition
| 1) Cholesterol, 2) sphingolipids |
|
|
Term
| Sphingolipids are more commonly found in which membrane leaflet |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sphingomyelin is used for |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Signaling: ceremides signal what type of thing |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Signaling: sphingosines signal what type of thing |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Signaling: sphingosine-1-P signal what type of thing |
|
Definition
| Proliferation, inflammation, anti-apoptosis |
|
|
Term
| Examples of sphingolipid breakdown deficiencies (4) |
|
Definition
| 1) Gaucher, 2) Niemann-Pick, 3) Fabry, 4) Tay-Sachs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Accumulation of sphingolipid from lack of an enzyme |
|
|
Term
| Lipid storage disease: genetic inheritance pattern |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Excess absorption of plant sterols |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1) Cholesterol, 2) ergosterol, 3) sitosterol |
|
|
Term
| Does cholesterol cross blood brain barrier: yes or no |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is cholesterol essential: yes or no |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What enzyme: ACoA + AACoA → HMG-CoA |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Committed step of cholesterol synthesis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| HMG-CoA reductase reaction |
|
Definition
| HMG-CoA + 2 NADPH → mevalonate + 2 NADP |
|
|
Term
| Mevalonate is used to make ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Two activated isoprenes are combined to make |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Geranyl pyrophosphate is combined with activate isoprene to make |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Two farnesyl pyrophosphates are combined to make |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Squalene is cyclized to make |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Steps to convert lanosterol to cholesterol (3) |
|
Definition
| 1) Δ5 desaturation, 2) Δ7 reduction, 3) Δ24 reduction |
|
|
Term
| Adding a fatty acid to cholesterol makes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Other things made from the cholesterol pathway (5) |
|
Definition
| 1) Isopentyl-tRNA, 2) prenylated proteins, 3) heme, 4) dolichol, 5) ubiquinon (CoQ) |
|
|
Term
| Two general modes for cholesterol regulation |
|
Definition
| 1) Inhibit bile resorption, 2) inhibit cholesterol synthesis |
|
|
Term
| Smith-Lemil-Optiz syndrome |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| HMG-CoA reductase: inhibited or actived by insulin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Uptake of free cholesterol in intestinal lumen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Excretes cholesterol from the cell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Transfers cholesterol out of the endosome-lysosome |
|
|
Term
| __% of cholesterol in the brain is in lipid rafts & myelin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Extrahepatic cells get cholesterol from what structure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Typical cholesterol form in neurons |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What accumulates in atherosclerotic plaques |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Makes cholesterol esters for intracellular & ER |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Makes cholesterol esters for plasma, lipoproteins, HDL's |
|
|
Term
| LCAT takes FA's from what position on a TAG |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1) Cholesterol, 2) phosphatidylcholine, 3) pigments, 4) salts, 5) bicarbonate |
|
|
Term
| Bile acids we care about (2) |
|
Definition
| 1) Cholic acid, 2) chenodeoxycholic acid |
|
|
Term
| __% of cholesterol is lost to feces (vs. resorption of bile) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Synthesis of steroids from |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| First reaction of steroid synthesis is where |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Last common intermediate of steroid synthesis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Steroid products of pregnenolone (4) |
|
Definition
| 1) Aldosterone, 2) cortisol, 3) androgens, 4) estrogens |
|
|
Term
| # of carbons in cholesterol |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| # of carbons in pregnenolone |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| # of carbons in aldosterone |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| # of carbons in androgens |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| # of carbons in estrogens |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| HMG-CoA reductase: inhibited or actived by glucagon |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| HMG-CoA reductase: inhibited or actived by EPI |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| HMG-CoA reductase: inhibited or actived by phosphorylation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| HMG-CoA reductase: inhibited or actived by cholseterol |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| SREBP is bound to insig-1 under ___ [high or low] cholesterol |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Under low cholesterol, SREBP makes it way where |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What finally breaks apart SREBP |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Final/active piece of SREBP goes where and does what |
|
Definition
| Goes to nucleus and does gene expression things |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Liganded FXR goes where and does what |
|
Definition
| Translocates to nucleus and reppresses 7α-hydroxylase |
|
|
Term
| Activation of FXR leads to ____ [increasing or decreasing] body cholesterol |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How are oxysterols produced |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Increases sterol excretion |
|
|
Term
| Activation of LXR leads to ____ [increasing or decreasing] body cholesterol |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Chylomicrons are significant in what molecule: TAG, cholesterol esters, or protein |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| VLDL have high levels of what molecule: TAG, cholesterol esters, or protein |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| LDL have high levels of what molecule: TAG, cholesterol esters, or protein |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| HDL have high levels of what molecule: TAG, cholesterol esters, or protein |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lipoproteins in chylomicrons (3) |
|
Definition
| 1) ApoB-48, 2) ApoC, 3) ApoE |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1) ApoB-100, 2) ApoC, 3) APoE |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lipoprotein unique to chylomicrons |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| LDL receptor recognizes what lipoproteins (2) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Proteins involved in HDL metabolism (6) |
|
Definition
| 1) ABCA1, 2) ABCG1, 3) LCAT, 4) CETP, 5) SR-B1, 6) hepatic lipase |
|
|
Term
| CETP transfers what from HDL to VLDL |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| CETP transfers what from VLDL to HDL |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 7α-hydroxylase deficiency: which bile acid pathway is lost: classic or acidic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 27-hydroxylase deficiency: which bile acid pathway is lost: classic or acidic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Treatment of 7α- or 27-hydroxylase deficiency |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do macrophages and epithelia take up that makes them "foam cells" |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Familial hypercholesterolemia caused by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which steroid synthesis deficits cause a loss of androgens (2) |
|
Definition
| 1) 3β-hydroxysteroid DH, 2) 17α-hydroxylase |
|
|
Term
| Which steroid synthesis deficits cause an excess of androgens (2) |
|
Definition
| 1) 21-hydroxylase, 2) 11β-hydroxylase |
|
|
Term
| Lipid-soluble vitamins (4) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which lipid-soluble vitamins affect transcription (2) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Reinol → retinoic acid → retinoic acid binding protein → transcription |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1) PPARα, 2) PPARΒ/γ, 3) PPARδ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Adipocyte & skeletal muscle |
|
|
Term
| Effect of interrupting retinol pathway |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Carboxylation of glutamyl residues |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Leptin → leptin receptor → phosphorylated STAT → dimerizes → is a transcription factor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Deficit of enzyme that converts to 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1) Bone resorption, 2) deposition of calcium |
|
|
Term
| Metabolic syndrome problems (5) |
|
Definition
| 1) Insulin resistance, 2) hyperglycemia, 3) dyslipidemia, 4) hypertension, 5) prothromic & proinflammatory states |
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