Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fatty acids added to ___ to make a TAG |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1) Pancreatic, 2) lipoprotein, 3) hormone-sensitive |
|
|
Term
| Pancreatic lipase: secreted into what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pancreatic lipase: products |
|
Definition
| 2-monoglyceride & 2 free FA's |
|
|
Term
| Intestinal TG's destined for being in what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| TG core with protein+phospholipid shell |
|
|
Term
| Lipoprotein lipase: location |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hormone-sensitive lipase: location |
|
Definition
| Tissues (e.g., testes & adipose) |
|
|
Term
| Hormone-sensitive lipase: products |
|
Definition
| TAG → DAG → MAG → glycerol |
|
|
Term
| Hormone-sensitive lipase: activation through what process |
|
Definition
| Glucagon or EPI through PKA |
|
|
Term
| Hormone-sensitive lipase: where does glycerol go |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hormone-sensitive lipase: routes of free FA's |
|
Definition
| 1) Mitochondria, 2) hitchin' a ride on albumin in the blood |
|
|
Term
| Hormone-sensitive lipase: destinations of free FA's (2) |
|
Definition
| 1) Hepatic, 2) extrahepatic |
|
|
Term
| Hormone-sensitive lipase: hepatic destination produces what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hormone-sensitive lipase: extrahepatic destination produces what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does a FA on albumin cross the plasma membrane |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Free FA's bind to what after crossing plasma membrane |
|
Definition
| Fatty acyl binding protein |
|
|
Term
| Purpose of fatty acyl binding protein (FABP) |
|
Definition
| Keeps FA's from aggregating in the cell |
|
|
Term
| Activation of FA's: reaction |
|
Definition
| FA + CoA + ATP → FA-CoA + AMP + PPi |
|
|
Term
| Activation of FA's: enzyme |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Activation of FA's: routes for activated FA's (4) |
|
Definition
| 1) β-oxidation, 2) phospholipids, 3) sphingolipids, 4) triglycerides |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| CoA active site is what amino acid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Acyl carnitine transport: how many pools of CoA |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Acyl carnitine transport: what swaps CoA for carnitine |
|
Definition
| Carnitine palmitoyl transferase I |
|
|
Term
| Acyl carnitine transport: what swaps carnitine for CoA |
|
Definition
| Carnitine palmitoyl transferase II |
|
|
Term
| Acyl carnitine transport: carnitine palmitoyl transferase I in which membrane |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Acyl carnitine transport: carnitine palmitoyl transferase II in which membrane |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Acyl carnitine transport: what moves acyl-carnitine across inner membrane |
|
Definition
| Acyl carnitine transporter (translocase) |
|
|
Term
| Acyl carnitine transport: how long of an FA |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Long-chain fatty acids into mitochondria how |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Short- & medium-chain fatty acids into mitochondria how |
|
Definition
| Dunno, but not acyl carnitine transport |
|
|
Term
| Very-long-chain fatty acids go where |
|
Definition
| Peroxisomes first, then mitochondria |
|
|
Term
| β-oxidation: ACoA DH equivalent in TCAC |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| β-oxidation: succininc DH in TCAC equivalent in β-ox |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| β-oxidation: enoyl-CoA hydratase equivalent in TCAC |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| β-oxidation: fumarase in TCAC equivalent in β-ox |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| β-oxidation: 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA DH equivalent in TCAC |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| β-oxidation: malic DH in TCAC equivalent in β-ox |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| β-oxidation: which uses FAD |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| β-oxidation: which uses FADH2 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| β-oxidation: which uses NAD |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| β-oxidation: which uses NADH |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| β-oxidation: which uses H2O |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| β-oxidation: palmitic acid into what products |
|
Definition
| 8 ACoA + 7 NADH + 7 FADH2 |
|
|
Term
| β-oxidation: palmitic acid into ATP |
|
Definition
| 8 ACoA=96 ATP + 7 NADH=21 ATP + 7 FADH2=14 ATP - 2 ATP for activation = 129 ATP |
|
|
Term
| ATP shortage in β-oxidized cells leads to (4) |
|
Definition
| 1) Hypoglycemia, 2) hypoketonemia, 3) hyperuricemia, 4) carnitine deficiency |
|
|
Term
| Which is more fatal: CPT I or CPT II |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which affects the liver: CPT I or CPT II |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which affects the muscle: CPT I or CPT II |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Carbohydrate diet low in fat |
|
|
Term
| MCAD deficiency treatment |
|
Definition
| Carbohydrate diet with short-chain FA's |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fatal defect in peroxisome biogenesis |
|
|
Term
| X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy |
|
Definition
| Defect in very-long FA activation |
|
|
Term
| Methods to measure ketones (2) |
|
Definition
| 1) Dipstick, 2) direct for β-hydroxybutyrate |
|
|
Term
| Advantages of ketones (3) |
|
Definition
| Shunts away 1) ACoA, 2) H+, 3) electrons |
|
|
Term
| Conditions when ketones are more heavily produced (3) |
|
Definition
| 1) Excess ACoA (need CoA), 2) NAD insufficiency, 3) OAA insufficiency |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1) Acetoacetate, 2) β-hydroxybutyrate, 3) acetone |
|
|
Term
| NAD:NADH ratio matches which ratio |
|
Definition
| Acetoacetate to β-hydroxybutyrate |
|
|
Term
| Synthesis of acetoacetate |
|
Definition
| 2 ACoA → AACoA; AACoA + ACoA → HMG-CoA + CoA; HMG-CoA → acetoacetate + ACoA |
|
|
Term
| Synthesis of β-hydroxybutyrate |
|
Definition
| Acetoacetate + NADH → β-hydroxybutyrate + NAD |
|
|
Term
| Typical ratio of β-hydroxybutyrate to acetoacetate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Decarboxylation of acetoacetate: acetoacetate → acetone + CO2 |
|
|
Term
| Enzyme in non-heptic for ketone utilization and what reaction |
|
Definition
| Aceto-acetate-succinyl CoA transferase: β-hydroxybutyrate + SCoA → AACoA + succinate [finally: AACoA → 2 ACoA] |
|
|
Term
| Enzyme that makes bicarbonate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cofactor with carbonic anhydrase |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| HH equation for bicarbonate buffer |
|
Definition
| pH=6.1 + log(HCO3/(0.03 * PCO2)) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Organic acid into blood → CO2 blown off → ↑anion gap |
|
|
Term
| Kassmaul respiration associated with |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ACoA leaves mitochondria in what way |
|
Definition
| Exported as citrate through tricarboxylic transporter |
|
|
Term
| Cytosolic citrate total reaction |
|
Definition
| Citrate + ATP + NADP → MalCoA + Pyr + ADP + Pi + CO2 + NADPH |
|
|
Term
| Vitamin required for cytosolic citrate handling |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ACoA carboxylase: active or inactive when polymerized |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ACoA carboxylase: active or inactive when phosphorylated |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ACoA carboxylase: polymerized by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ACoA carboxylase: depolymerized by (2) |
|
Definition
| 1) FA's, 2) phosphorylation |
|
|
Term
| ACoA carboxylase: phosphorylated by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ACoA carboxylase: dephosphorylated by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ACoA carboxylase: ultimately, glucagon or EPI: activates or inactivates |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Overall reaction for creating palmitate |
|
Definition
| 1 ACoA + 7 MalCoA + 14 NADPH → palmitate + 14 NADP + 8 CoA + 7 CO2 |
|
|
Term
| Net NADPH required for palmitate production from citrate |
|
Definition
| 14 for synthesis less 8 from citrate = 6 total NADPH required per palmitate |
|
|
Term
| Enzymatic sites of FA synthesis (2) |
|
Definition
| 1) Condensing enzyme, 2) acyl carrier protein (ACP) |
|
|
Term
| Which site first binds ACoA and MalCoA |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which site holds elongating FA |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Desaturation by what enzymes (3) |
|
Definition
| 1) Stearoyl CoA desaturase, 2) FADS1, 3) FADS2 |
|
|
Term
| Stearoyl CoA desaturase desaturates where |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which is a Δ9 desaturase: stearoyl CoA desaturase, FADS1, FADS2 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which is a Δ5 desaturase: stearoyl CoA desaturase, FADS1, FADS2 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which is a Δ6 desaturase: stearoyl CoA desaturase, FADS1, FADS2 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Essential fatty acids (2; classes not specific molecules) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Root cause of ketoacidosis |
|
Definition
| Increased glucagon = hypergluconemia |
|
|
Term
| Glucagon inhibits what [as it relates to ketoacidosis] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Inhibition of MalCoA does what (2) |
|
Definition
| 1) Shuts down FA synthesis, 2) activates carnitine acyl transferase |
|
|
Term
| ACoA, NAD, FAD conditions leading to ketone production |
|
Definition
| Excess ACoA, low NAD, low FAD |
|
|
Term
| Excess ketone production causes ketoacidosis how |
|
Definition
| Overloads bicarbonate buffer system |
|
|
Term
| Chronic hyperglycemia hypothesized to cause what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Glycation of what structures (2) |
|
Definition
| 1) α-Hb (HBA) to HbA1c, 2) membrane proteins |
|
|
Term
| HbA1c: 1% = ___ mg/dL glucose |
|
Definition
| 1% = 35 mg/dL [so normal is about 6%] |
|
|
Term
| Consequences of advanced glycation endproducts (6) |
|
Definition
| 1) Neuropathy, 2) ulcers, 3) amputation, 4) retinopathy, 5) heart disease, 6) infections |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Inhibits gluconeogensis [for type 2 DM] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Increase insulin secretion [for type 2 DM] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Increase insulin sensitivity [for type 2 DM] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Lower carbohydrate intake by intestines [for type 2 DM] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Reverse advanced glycation endproducts [for type 1 & 2 DM] |
|
|
Term
| Which deficiency leads to acidosis: γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase or glutathione synthetase |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which deficiency does not lead to acidosis: γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase or glutathione synthetase |
|
Definition
| γ-Glutamylcysteine synthetase |
|
|
Term
| Which amino acids are only ketogenic (2) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many ATP per amino acid from intestine lumen into blood |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Glutamyl cyle: ATP-requiring enzymes (3) |
|
Definition
| 1) 5-Ketoprolinase, 2) γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase, 3) glutathione synthetase |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| More nitrogen out than in: positive or negative nitrogen balance |
|
Definition
| Negative nitrogen balance |
|
|
Term
| More nitrogen in than out: positive or negative nitrogen balance |
|
Definition
| Positive nitrogen balance |
|
|
Term
| Starvation: positive or negative nitrogen balance |
|
Definition
| Negative nitrogen balance |
|
|
Term
| Main AA's for transporting ammonia (2) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Transamination works on all AA's but (2) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Transamination requires what vitamin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Glutamate DH inhibited by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Amino acid oxidase reaction |
|
Definition
| AA + FAD → αKA + NH4 + FADH2 |
|
|
Term
| What re-oxidizes FADH2 for amino acid oxidases |
|
Definition
| Molecular oxygen [to H2O2] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Enzyme used in kidneys to regulate body pH |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Urea: first NH3 from ___, second NH3 from ___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Energetic cost of urea cycle |
|
Definition
| 1 ATP: 4 ATP in but get out 1 NADH (=3 ATP) |
|
|
Term
| Mitochondrial enzymes of urea cycle (2) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cytosolic enzymes of urea cycle (3) |
|
Definition
| 1) Argininosuccinate synthetase, 2) argininosuccinase, 3) arginase |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Activated by N-acetylglutamate |
|
|
Term
| Which urea cycle enzyme is X-linked |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hyperammonemia type 1 from what enzyme deficiency |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Congenital hyperammonemia type 2 from what enzyme deficiency |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Citrullinemia from what enzyme deficiency |
|
Definition
| Arginonsuccinate synthetase |
|
|
Term
| Arginonsuccinacidemia fom what enzyme deficiency |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Treat congenital hyperammonemia type 2 with what (2) |
|
Definition
| 1) Sodium benzoate & sodium phenylbutyrate, or 2) citrulline |
|
|
Term
| Treat hyperammonemia type 1 with what (2) |
|
Definition
| 1) Sodium benzoate & sodium phenylbutyrate, or 2) citrulline |
|
|
Term
| Sodium benzoate & sodium phenylbutyrate treats what enzyme deficiencies (2) |
|
Definition
| 1) CPS1, 2) OTC [those that get N into urea cycle] |
|
|
Term
| for hyperammonemias, feeding citrulline works how |
|
Definition
| Shunts nitrogen from Asp into urine |
|
|
Term
| In general, what to feed for urea cycle defects (3) |
|
Definition
| 1) Na benzoae/Na phenylbutyrate, 2) Arg, 3) citrulline [substrates that feed past enzyme block] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Nitric oxide stimulates what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's special about guanylate cyclase from NO stimulation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cofactors for NO synthase |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| NO synthase: needs NADPH or NADP or NADH or NAD |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Viagra works by requiring what NO reaction to take place first |
|
Definition
| NOS to make NO to activate heme-dependent guanylate cyclase to form cGMP |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| AA direct transamination to TCAC/glycolysis intermediates (5) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| AA 3-carbon to pyruvate (3) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| AA 5-carbon in a row to αKG (6) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Branched AA catabolic reactions (3) |
|
Definition
| 1) Transamination, 2) oxidative decarboxylation, 3) partial/complete β-oxidation |
|
|
Term
| PCoA → SCoA reactions (2) |
|
Definition
| 1) PCoA carboxylase, 2) methylmalonyl CoA mutase |
|
|
Term
| Branched AA catabolism: transamination cofactor |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Branched AA catabolism: oxidative decarboxylation cofactors |
|
Definition
| 1) NAD, 2) FAD, 3) lipoic acid, 4) TPP, 5) CoA |
|
|
Term
| PCoA carboxylase cofactor |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Methylmalonyl CoA mutase cofactor |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Active form of cobalamine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Required protein for uptake of B12 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Intrinsic factor used for |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Reasons to love cysteine (4) |
|
Definition
| 1) Disulfide bonds, 2) glutathione, 3) cysteine proteases, 4) reduction reactions |
|
|
Term
| Reasons to love methionine (3) |
|
Definition
| 1) Essential AA, 2) START codon, 3) donor of methyl group |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Reaction classes folic acid is involved with (3) |
|
Definition
| 1) Methylation, 2) hydroxymethylation, 3) formylation |
|
|
Term
| AA contained within folic acid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| # of "copies" of a particular AA in folic acid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Reduction reactions of folate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1) Serine, 2) glycine, 3) histidine, 4) formate |
|
|
Term
| THF irreversible reaction |
|
Definition
| Irreversible when forming methyl-THF |
|
|
Term
| Nonketotic hyperglycinemia |
|
Definition
| Deficiency in glycine cleavage enzyme |
|
|
Term
| Acute cyanide poisoning treated with |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Megaloblastic/macrocytic anemia |
|
Definition
| Decreased #, ↑ size of RBC's; folate or B12 deficiency |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| B12 deficiency; accumulation of methyl-THF = methyl trap |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1) Methionine, 2) thymine, 3) purines |
|
|
Term
| Glycine cleavage enzyme reaction |
|
Definition
| Gly + THF → methylene-THF + HCO3 + NH4 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Met → SAM → SAH → homocysteine → Cys |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Methionine synthase cofactor |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Methionine synthase uses: NADPH or NADP or NADH or NAD |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Reasons to love phenylalanine (2) |
|
Definition
| 1) Essential, 2) in aspartame |
|
|
Term
| Reasons to love tyrosine (4) |
|
Definition
| Makes 1) melanin, 2) thyroglobin, 3) catecholamines, 4) DOPA |
|
|
Term
| Catecholamine examples (3) |
|
Definition
| 1) Dopamine, 2) EPI, 3) NE |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Molecular oxygen: 1 to substrate, 1 to make water |
|
|
Term
| Phenylalanine hydroxylase reaction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| DHB (quinoid) + NADH → THB + NAD |
|
|
Term
| Active site of phenylalanine hydroxylase |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| DHB reductase: NADH or NAD or NADPH or NADP |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| DHF reductase: NADH or NAD or NADPH or NADP |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Biopterin synthesis reactions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Phenylalanine deficiencies (2) |
|
Definition
| 1) Phenylalanine hydroxylase, or 2) THB synthesis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| DHB (non-quinoid) + NADPH → THB + NADP |
|
|
Term
| DHB → THB: which converts quinoid form to THB: DHB reductase or DHF reductase |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| DHB → THB: which converts non-quinoid form to THB: DHB reductase or DHF reductase |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Synthesis of biopterin from what substrate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Catecholamine synthesis pathway (5 substrates starting from Tyr) |
|
Definition
| Tyr → DOPA → dopamine → NE → EPI |
|
|
Term
| Tyrosine hydroxylase reaction |
|
Definition
| Tyr + O2 + THB → DOPA + H2O + DHB |
|
|
Term
| DOPA → dopamine requires what cofactor |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Dopamine → NE requires what "cofactors" (2) |
|
Definition
| 1) Cu, 2) Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) |
|
|
Term
| NE → EPI requires what "cofactor" |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which reaction forms catechol group |
|
Definition
| Tyrosine hydroxylase: Tyr → DOPA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Abnormal adregnergics: hypertension & cardiac problems; hih VMA in urine |
|
|
Term
| Parkinson's treatment (4) |
|
Definition
| 1) MAOI, 2) tolcapone (COMT inhibitor, 3) entacapone (COMT inhibitor), 4) D2 agonists |
|
|
Term
| Tissues that produce heme (2; most to least) |
|
Definition
| 1) Erythropoetic tissues (300 mg/day), 2) liver (50 mg/day) |
|
|
Term
| Erythropoetic tissues mainly make what heme product |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Liver mainly makes what heme product [not bilirubin] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Heme from __ SCoA + __ Glycines |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| SCoA + Gly → δ-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) + CoA |
|
|
Term
| ALA synthase inhibited by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What stimulates globin production in RBC's |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ALA synthase requires what cofactor |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ALA dehyratase inhibited by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Inner mitochondrial membrane |
|
|
Term
| Erythropoietic protoporphyria |
|
Definition
| PP-IX → free radicals in skin → skin damage; exteme sunlight sensitivity; absent heme synthesis feedback |
|
|
Term
| Increasing cytochrome P450 synthesis: up- or downregulate heme synthesis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Neonatal jaundice caused by |
|
Definition
| Late development of bilirubin conjugase |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Problems in heme synthesis |
|
|
Term
| Acute intermittent porphyria |
|
Definition
| Abdominal & neurological problems; precipitated by P450 stimulating drugs |
|
|
Term
| Degradation steps (4; starting with heme) |
|
Definition
| Heme → biliverdin → indirect bilirubin → direct bilirubin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1) Neonatal, 2) hemolytic, 3) hepatocellular, 4) obstructive, 5) Crigler-Najjar |
|
|
Term
| Crigler-Najjar: which type is fatal |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Crigler-Najjar: which type is not fatal |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Jaundices with an increased indirect bilirubin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Jaundices with an increased direct bilirubin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Jaundice caused by cirrhosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Jaundice caused by RBC lysis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Jaundice caused by decreased bilirubin conjugase |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Jaundice caused deficiency of glucuronyltransferase |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What binds to free heme and takes it to the spleen |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bilirubin pathway (4; starting with bilirubin) |
|
Definition
| Bilirubin → urobilinogen → urobilin → sterobilin |
|
|
Term
| Which bilirubin product is yellow |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which bilirubin product is brown |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Indirect bilirubin: conjugated or unconjugated bilirubin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Direct bilirubin: conjugated or unconjugated bilirubin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Indirect + direct bilirubin |
|
|
Term
| Vitamin K epoxide form: active or inactive |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Vitamin K dependent carboxylase reaction |
|
Definition
| K + Glu residue + CO2 → K-epoxide + γ-carboxyglutamic acid residue |
|
|
Term
| Vitamin K reduction inhibited by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Vitamin K reduction can use which: NADPH or NADH |
|
Definition
|
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