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Biochemistry Exam 4
Flashcards created from the important topics located on the class slides!
29
Biochemistry
Undergraduate 4
12/09/2011

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Cards

Term
What is the deltaG for PFK?
What is the deltaG' for PFK?
Definition
-25.9
-17.2
Term
What is the deltaG for Hexokinase?
What is the deltaG' for Hexokinase?
Definition
-27.2
-20.9
Term
What is the deltaG for PK?
What is the deltaG' for PK?
Definition
-13.9
-23.0
Term
What are points of regulation?
Definition
Points with the most negative free energy.
Term
What three enzymes function with large negative deltaG's?
Definition
Hexokinase, Phosphfructokinase, and Pyruvate kinase
Term
What is an inhibitor of Hexokinase?
What is an activator of Hexokinase?
Definition
G6P
None
Term
What is an inhibitor of PFK?
What is an activator of PFK?
Definition
ATP, citrate, and PEP
All of them.
Term
What is an inhibitor of Pyruvate kinase?
What is an activator of Pyruvate kinase?
Definition
ATP
None
Term
How is Galatcose formed?
Definition
By the hydrolysis of lactose
Term
How is Mannose formed?
Definition
the digestion of polysaccharides and glycoproteins.
Term
How is fructose formed?
Definition
From fruit or sucrose.
Term
What does the Phosphopentose pathway produce?
Definition
NADPH and ribose-5-phosphate
Term
What are the three parts of the Phosphopentose pathway?
Definition
Oxidation, isomeriaztion and epimeriation, and a series of C-C bond cleavage and formations.
Term
What is the produce of phosphogluconate dehydrogenase?
Definition
Ribulose-5-phosphate
Term
What does trasketolase do?
Definition
It transfers C2 units requiring enzymes like pyruvate dehydrogenase.
Term
What does Transaldolase do?
Definition
It transfers C3 units via Schiff's base with an active lysine group.
Term
What controls NADPH production and this the flux through the pathway?
Definition
glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)
Term
What is NADPH needed for?
Definition
Glutathione reducatase.
Term
What is glutathione required for?
Definition
Erythrocyte integrity, prevents NADPH levels from dropping, and something about hemolytic anemia
Term
What is Gluconeogenisis?
Definition
The conversion of lactate, pyruvate, glycerol, and amino acids to glucose.
Term
What is the starting material for gluconeogenisis?
Definition
Oxaloacetate
Term
Where do most precursors for Gluconeogeneis enter?
Definition
The krebs cycle
Term
What three steps are different in gluconeogensis vs glycolysis?
Definition
Pyruvate to PEP, fructose-1,6- bisphosphate to fructose-6-phosphate, and glucose-6-phosphate to glucose.
Term
What does the malate pathway transport and where does it transport them to?
Definition
It transfers reducing equivalents from the mitochondria into the cytosol. And NADH is needed for gluconeogensis.
Term
Low blood glucose leads to gluconeogensis by which steps?
Definition
Increased glucagen secretion, increased cAMP, increased enzyme phosphorylation, the activation of FDPase-2 and inactivation of PFK-2, decreased F2+6P, and the inhibition of PFK and activation of FBPase
Term
Define Amphibolic.
Definition
Acts both catabolically and anabolically
Term
What is the Citric Acid (in all its glory).
Definition
3NAD+ + FAD + GDP + Pi + acetyl-CoA + 2H20
YIELDS
3NADH + FADH2 + GTP + CoA + 2CO2 + 3H+
Term
What is the Pathway overview of Glucose Catabolism?
Definition
Glucose + 2NAD+ + 2ADP + 2Pi ->
2NADH+ + 2Pyruvate + 2ATP + 2H2O + 4H+
Term
What is the rate limiting step in Glycolysis?
Definition
F6P to FBP
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