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Biochemistry chp22
chp22
9
Chemistry
Undergraduate 3
12/04/2008

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Term
What are the three termination signals or "stop" codons?
Definition
  • UAA, UAG, UGA
Term
What is the translation initiation codon? What amino acid does it specify?
Definition
  • AUG
  • Specifies Methionine
Term
Structure of tRNA:
Definition
  • 73-95 nucleotides
  • Self-complimentary sequences direct the formation of 4 (sometimes 5) stem-loop structures.
  • 2' or 3' OH at the 3' terminus (CCA) is esterfied to the amino acid (aceptor stem/ loop or amino acid arm)
  • Anticodon located opposite to acceptor stem.
Term
Wobble hypothesis:
Definition
  • Ability of tRNA anticodon to form a base-pairing association with more than one codon sequence.
Rules:
  • First two bases of codon always form watson-crick base pairs.
  • First base of anticodon determines how many different codons can be read by that tRNA
    • C or A- only one codon is read
    • U or G- two codons are read
    • I- three codons are read.
  • When an AA is specified by several different codons, the codons that differ in either of the first two bases require different tRNAs.
  • Minimum of 32 tRNAs can read all 61 codons of the codon. 
  • Wobble is a mechanism to speed translation by weakening the tRNA/mRNA association without significant loss in translation accuracy.
Term
Steps of protein synthesis:
Definition
  1. Activation of amino acids
  2. Initiation
  3. Elongation
  4. Termination and Release
  5. Folding and Posttranslational Processing.
Term
tRNAfMet
Definition
- Of the two tRNAs for AUG, this is used exclusivily at the initiating AUG.
Term
Elongation factors of translational elongation and their functions:
Definition
  • EF-Tu: Placement of AA-tRNA in A site
  • EF-Ts: Reactivation of EF-Tu
  • EF-G:  Movement of ribosome relative to mRNA.
Term
Post translational events:
Definition
  1. Protein folding
  2. Post-translational modifications
  3. Protein transport
  4. Protein degradation
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