Term
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Definition
| enzymes that assist molecules in flipping from one side of the membrane to another |
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Term
| How do saturated and unsaturated fats affect membrane fluidity? |
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Definition
| unsaturated fats are liquid at room temperature so they will lend more fluidity to the membrane while saturated fats will make it less fluid |
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Term
| What does cholesterol do for the membrane? |
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Definition
| provide stability and fluidity for the membrane |
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Term
| What are the 3 types of membrane proteins? |
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Definition
- transmembrane proteins: can have one or more hydrophobic domains and are most likely to function as receptors or channels
- embedded proteins: most likely part of a catalytic complex or involved in cellular communication
- membrane-associated proteins: may act as recognition molecules or enzymes
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Term
| What are the kinds of cell-cell junctions? |
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Definition
- gap junctions: allow for the rapid exchange of ions and other small molecules between adjacent cells
- tight junctions: prevent paracellular transport, but do not provide intercellular transport
- desmosomes: bind adjacent cells by anchoring to their cytoskeletons
- hemidesmosomes: attach epithelial cells to underlying structures, especially the basment membrane
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Term
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Definition
| when the point of reference has more solutes; ie cell has more solutes than solution so solution is hypotonic |
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Term
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Definition
| when the point of reference has less solutes; ie a cell with less solutes than surrounding hypertonic solution |
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Term
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Definition
| uses transport proteins to move impermeable solutes across the cell membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| requires energy in the form of ATP or an existing favorable ion gradient |
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Term
| primary vs secondary active transport |
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Definition
| using ATP or naother energy molecule to directly power the transport of molecules vs using the energy released by a particle going down its electrochemical gradient to drive a different particle up it gradient |
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Term
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Definition
| when both particles flow across the membrane in the same direction vs flowing across in opposite directions |
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