Term
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Definition
| fats that contain a phosphate and alcohol that comprise the polar head group, joined to a hydrophobic fatty acid tail by phosphodiester linkages |
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Definition
- phospholipids with a glycerol backbone bonded by ester linkages to two fatty acids and by a phosphodiester linkage to a highly polar head group
- they are named by their head group
[image]
x denotes the head group |
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Term
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Definition
- sphingosine backbone; long-chain, nonpolar fatty acid tails and polar head groups
- 4 kinds: ceramide, sphingomyelins, cerebrosides and gangliosides
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Definition
[image]
the backbone of sphingolipids; the fatty acid will attach at the amine group and the head group will attach a the terminal hydroxyl group |
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Term
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Definition
- either have phosphatidylcholine or phosphatidylethnolamine for head group
[image]
phosphatidylcholine
remove the 3 carbons attached to the amine group in the choline and you have phosphatidylethnolamine
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Term
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Definition
- attached to sugar moieties instead of phosphate group
- found mainly on outer surface of plasma membrane
- further classified into cerebrosides or globosides
[image]
cerebrosides have a single sugar
[image]
globosides have two or more
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Term
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Definition
- odiferous steroid precursors made form isoprene
- one terpene (monoterpene) contains two isoprenes
[image]
isoprene
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Term
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Definition
- contain three cyclohexane rings and oen cyclopentane ring with functional groups determining the specific steroid
[image] |
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| autocrine and paracrine signaling molecules that regulate cAMP levels; they have powerful effects on smooth muscle contraction, body temperature, the sleep-wake cycle, fever, and pain |
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| What are the fat soluble vitamins and what are their functions? |
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Definition
- vitamin A (carotene) - metabolized to retinal for vision and retinoic acid for gene expression in epithelial development
- vitamin D (cholecalciferol) - metabolized to calcitriol in the kidneys and regulates calcium and phosphorus homeostasis in the intestines (increasing calcium and phosphate absorption), promoting bone formation
- vitmain E (tocopherols) - act as biological antioxidants; their aromatic rings destroy free radicals
- vitamin K (phylloquinone and menaquinones) - important for formation of prothrombin, a clotting factor; performs posttranslational modifications on a number of proteins, creating calcium-binding sites
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Term
| Why are triacylglycerols the preferred way to store energy? |
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Definition
- one glycerol contains three fatty acids
- carbon atoms in lipids are more reduced than carbohydrates meaning they will give more energy
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