Term
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Definition
| a class of electron carriers that are derived from riboflavin (vitamin B2) |
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Term
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Definition
- well-fed (absorptive state)
- insulin secretion is high and anabolic metabolism prevails
- just after eating
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Term
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Definition
- fasting state
- insulin secretion decreases while glucagon and catecholamine secretion increases
- this state is seen in short term fasting (overnight)
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Term
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Definition
- dramatically increases glucagon and catecholamine secretion
- most tissues will rely on fatty acids
- up to 2/3 of brain energy can be derived form ketone bodies
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Term
| How does insulin act on metabolism? |
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Definition
- causes a decrease in blood glucose levels by increasing cellular uptake
- increases the rate of anabolic metabolism
- secretion by pancreatic beta-cells is regulated by blood glucose levels
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Term
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Definition
- increases blood glucose levels by promoting gluconeogenesis
- secretion by pancreatic alpha-cells is stimulated by both low glucose and high amino acid levels
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Term
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Definition
| increase blood glucose in response to stress by mobilizing fat stores and inhibiting glucose uptake; increase impact of glucagon and catecholamines |
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Term
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Definition
| promote glycogenolysis and increase basal metabolic rate through their sympathetic nervous system activity |
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Term
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Definition
- modulate the impact of other metabolic hormones and have a direct impact on basal metabolic rate
- T3 is more potent than T4 but has a shorter half-life and is available in lower concentrations in the blood
- T4 is converted to T3 at the tissues
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Term
| Tissue specific metabolism |
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Definition
- liver, glucose and amino acids (well fed), fatty acids (fasting)
- resting skeletal muscle, glucose; fatty acids, ketones
- cardiac muscle, fatty acids; fatty acids, ketones
- adipose tissue, glucose; fatty acids
- brain, glucose; glucose, ketones in prolonged fast
- RBCs, glucose; glucose
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Term
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Definition
| increases appetite and stimulates secretion of orexin in response to signals of an impending meal; secreted by stomach |
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Term
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Definition
| increases appetite; also involved in alertness and the sleep-wake cycle; hypoglycemia triggers orexin release |
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Term
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Definition
| hormone secreted by fat cells that decreases appetite by suppressing orexin production |
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