Term
| What are the three fuel molecules? |
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Definition
- Carbohydrates
- Proteins
- Lipids
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Term
| What is the function of carbohydrates? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function of proteins? |
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Definition
| Build and repair body tissue, speed up chemical reactions and transport oxygen through the bloodstream. |
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Term
| What is the function of lipids? |
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Definition
| Protection / cushion, insulation and backup energy supply. |
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Term
| Compare and contrast fats and oils. |
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Definition
- Fats are solids, oils are liquids.
- Fats are usually bad, oils are good.
- Fats are often saturated, oils are often unsaturated.
- Fats are connected to heart attacks, strokes and diabetes, oils lower cholesterol.
- Fats come from animals, oils come from plants.
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Term
| What are three regulatory nutrients? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the functions for regulatory nutrients? |
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Definition
| To regulate chemical reactions in the body. |
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Term
Identify the meaning of the following suffixes:
"-ose" and "-ine". |
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Definition
- -Ose: sugar
- -Ine: amino acids
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Term
| List the five organic compounds essential to living things. |
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Definition
- Carbohydrates
- Lipids
- Proteins
- Nucleic Acids
- ATP
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Term
| Describe the criteria used to describe a molecule as organic. |
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Definition
| The molecule must contain carbon and be found in living things. |
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Term
| Where does cellulose come from? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why can't cellulose be broken down in humans? |
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Definition
| We do not have the necessary bacteria in our digestive tracts and it is not water soluble, so dehydration synthesis will not work on it. |
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Term
| Identify the six common elements found in living things. |
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Definition
- Hydrogen
- Oxygen
- Carbon
- Nitrogen
- Phosphorus
- Calcium
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Term
| Distinguish common elements from trace elements. |
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Definition
| There are only six common elements and they make up almost all of the weight of living things. There are about twenty trace elements that are present in very small amounts. (trace: iron, sodium, iodine, potassium, chlorine, sulfur, magnesium) |
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Term
| Explain the biological meaning of "this food is bad / good for you". |
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Definition
Good: Decreases risks of diseases. Decreases risks of high cholesterol.
Bad: Little to no nutritional value. Increases risks of diseases, like heart disease, stroke, diabetes or cancer. |
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Term
| Compare and contrast the USDA and Harvard Food Pyramids. |
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Definition
- USDA lumps things together, Harvard makes specific distinctions.
- USDA doesn't include exercise, vitamins or alcohol in moderation, Harvard does.
- USDA doesn't take different types of proteins, fats, etc into account, Harvard does.
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Term
| Identify the four components of a healthy lifestyle that are missing from the original USDA pyramid. |
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Definition
- Daily exercise
- Vitamins
- Alcohol in moderation
- Maintaining a healthy weight
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Term
| Describe the difference between dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis. |
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Definition
| Dehydration synthesis is removing water to build a larger molecule, while hydrolysis is adding water to split into a smaller molecule. Hydrolysis takes place in the digestive system. |
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Term
| Define isomers and identify examples. |
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Definition
| Isomers are molecules with the same formula, but different 3D structures. Examples are glucose and fructose / maltose and sucrose. |
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Term
| Identify the most important inorganic molecule found in organisms. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Part of an amino acid where an N bonds to an H and another H. |
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Term
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Definition
| The building blocks for proteins. |
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Term
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Definition
| Part of an amino acid where C bonds to OH and double bonds with an O. |
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Term
| Define dehydration synthesis. |
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Definition
| The opposite of hydrolysis. The process by which H (amine) and OH (carboxyl) are taken from monomers to form polymers. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The opposite of dehydration synthesis. The process of using water to take big molecules apart. |
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Term
| Define inorganic compound. |
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Definition
| A compound that is not found in living things and does not contain carbon. |
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Term
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Definition
| Molecules with the same formulas, but different 3D structures. |
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Term
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Definition
| A complex molecule that contains a large number of atoms. |
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Term
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Definition
| A molecule that can be bonded together with other identical molecules to form a polymer. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Form the basic structure of nucleic acids, such as DNA. |
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Term
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Definition
| The bond that connects two organic molecules that contain nitrogen. |
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Term
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Definition
| A substance whose molecular structure is built from a number of smaller units bonded together. |
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Term
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Definition
| A long chain of simple sugars. |
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Term
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Definition
| Twenty chemical elements that are present in living organisms in very small amounts. |
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Term
| What elements are present in carbohydrates? |
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Definition
| Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen. |
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Term
| What elements are present in lipids? |
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Definition
| Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen. |
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Term
| What elements are present in proteins? |
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Definition
| Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur. |
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Term
| What elements are present in nucleic acids? |
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Definition
| Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus. |
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Term
| What is the monomer unit for carbohydrates? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the monomer unit for lipids? |
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Definition
| Glycerol and three fatty acids. |
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Term
| What is the monomer unit for proteins? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the monomer unit for nucleic acids? |
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Definition
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