Term
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Definition
Cx(H2O)y
"ose"
commonly combine to form more complex carbs
chiral center |
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Term
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Definition
Monosaccharides
Glucose and Fructose |
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Term
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Definition
Composed of 2 monosaccharides
Sucrose (combined fructose and glucose) |
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Term
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Definition
| Contain multiple monosaccharides |
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Term
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Definition
| allow formation of mirror images of the molecule |
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Term
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Definition
Right handed (D) and Left handed (S) description of the molecule
Rotate polarized light in clockwise (+) or counterclockwise (-) direction |
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Term
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Definition
Belong to the D-Family
unable to utalize L-Family carbs |
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Term
| Intramolecular interaction |
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Definition
Can change linear monosaccharide into cyclic structure
Causes creation of glycoside bonds |
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Term
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Definition
Almost always found in cyclic form
releases about 4 kcal/gram with aerobic metabolism
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Term
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Definition
| Contains 50 grams of glucose and 200 kcal of energy |
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Term
| Glucose under anaeorbic metabolism |
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Definition
splits into 3-carbon pryuvic acid and subsequently lactic acid
Gives off much less energy and results in tissue acidosis |
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Term
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Definition
hydrophobic substances soluble in organic solvents
Divided into saponifiable and nonsaponifiable |
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Term
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Definition
| Waxes, triglycerides, and phospholipids |
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Term
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Definition
| Steroids, prostaglandins, and fat-soluble vitamins |
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Term
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Definition
| esters composed of glycerol and fatty acids |
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Term
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Definition
Long-chained carboxylic acids
naturally occuring fatty acids always have an even number of carbon atoms |
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Term
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Definition
C-C single bonds
usually solids with a higher melting point |
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Term
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Definition
| One or more C-C double bonds |
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Term
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Definition
| Have a double bond 3 carbons from the end |
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Term
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Definition
| Last carbon in the fatty acid chain |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Exposure to strong base can hydrolyze the ester to form soap |
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Term
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Definition
Fatty acid residues has been replaced by a phophate ester group
comprise cell membranes
hydrophilic (phosphate) head and hydrophobic tails (fatty acid group) |
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Term
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Definition
Characterized by cyclopentanoperhydrophenathrene ring
Cholestrol, cortisol, and sex hormones |
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Term
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Definition
Carried in the blood by lipoprotiens
Ratio of protein to lipid determine classification (HDL, LDL) |
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Term
| Prostaglandins and leukotrienes |
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Definition
Synthesized from arachidonic acid
Have multiple functions throughout the body |
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Term
| Oxidation of fat for energy |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Made up of amino acids connected by peptide bonds
Two functional group: amine group and carboxylic acid group
Identify by side chain
Naturally occuring have L-family
Sterocenter |
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Term
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Definition
| Amino acids have both a positive (amine) and a negative (carboxylic acid) charge within the same molecule |
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Term
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Definition
| An amide bond formed by the condensation of the amine moiety (N-Terminus) of one amino acid joining with the carboxylic acid moiety (C-terminus) of another amino acid |
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Term
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Definition
Exist as DNA and RNA
Biopolymers of a phosphate sugar (deoxyribose or ribose) and a nucleoside (nitrogenous) base |
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Term
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Definition
| Formed by adding a phosphate ester to a nucleoside? |
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Term
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Definition
| Formation of phophate esters with an alcohol group of another nucleotide can string nucleotides together to form DNA and RNA |
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