Term
| What components contribute to lateral symmetry in membranes? |
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Definition
| Lipid clustering-lipids tend to bind or repel each other forming these clusters. Protein clusters, and membrane "rafts"-cells cluster all of their necessary proteins, lipids (cholesterol) into a raft. |
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Term
| What components contribute to transverse symmetry in membranes? |
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Definition
| lipids, proteins (at a certain direction), and "flippases"- when a lipid gets attached to a proteins, it flips it to the opposite direction. |
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Term
| Carbohydrates have the general formula... |
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Definition
| (CH20)n where n is greater than or equal to 3. |
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Term
| What are 4 characterisitics of carbohydrates? |
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Definition
They have at least one chiral carbon.
Can exist as linear or ring structure.
Can form polymers by glycosidic bonds, and can form multiple H-bonds. |
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Term
Classes:
Monosaccharide has ____ carb units
Oligosaccharide has _____ and Polysaccaride has ______ |
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Definition
| single, 2-10, and more than 10 |
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Term
| All aldoses with at least ? C's and ketoses w/ ? C's have 1 asymmetric center. |
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Definition
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Term
| What's the difference between D and L configurations? |
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Definition
D form is defined as OH on the right side, on the highest number carbon.
D and L are mirror images |
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Term
in Haworth projections:
Right side= Left side+ |
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Definition
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Term
| Ring formation mades an additional ? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name some monosaccharide derivatives |
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Definition
| sugar acids, deoxy sugars, sugar esters (imp in formation of ATP and GTP), and amino sugars (fund in chitin and in many glycoproteins). |
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Term
| How are oligosaccharides formed? |
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Definition
| They are formed from monosaccharide subunits most commonly glucose, fructore, mannose, galactose, ribose, and xylose. |
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Term
| What are some characterisitics of polysaccharides? |
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Definition
Can be entirely linear in nature or contains branch points.
Amylose and amylopectin compose starch. |
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Term
| What's the difference between amylose and amylopectin? |
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Definition
| Amylose is only alpha points (1-4) and amylopectine is alpha (1-4) and alpha (1-6) |
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Term
| Name some storage polysaccharides and their function |
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Definition
| starch (amylose and amylopectin), glycogen (animal starch that closely resembles amylopectin), and dextran (similar to glucose but all linkages are branched). |
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Term
| Name some structural polysaccharides |
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Definition
| Chitin (hooked by Beta linkages), cellulose (also hooked by Beta linkages and exist in plants). |
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Term
| What type of bonding occurs in cellulose structure? |
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Definition
| H-bonding is importnat and occurs between interchain and intersheet layers. |
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