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Biochem
test 1
72
Biochemistry
Undergraduate 4
09/13/2013

Additional Biochemistry Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
[image]
Definition

Proline

(Pro)

P

 

Special Case

Term
[image]
Definition

Glycine

(Gly)

G

 

Special Case

Term
[image]
Definition

Cysteine

Cys

C

 

Special Case

Term
[image]
Definition

Selenocysteine

(Sec)

U

 

Special Case

Term
[image]
Definition

Glutamine

(Gln)

Q

 

Polar Uncharged Side Chain

Term
[image]
Definition

Asparagine

(Asn)

N

 

Polar Uncharged

Term
[image]
Definition

Threonine

(Thr)

T

 

Polar Uncharged

Term
[image]
Definition

Serine

(Ser)

S

 

Polar Uncharged

Term
[image]
Definition

Glutamic acid

(Glu)

E

 

Negative

Term
[image]
Definition

Aspartic Acid

(Asp)

D

 

Negative

Term
[image]
Definition

Lycine

(Lys)

K

 

Positive

Term
[image]
Definition

Histidine

(His)

H

 

Postive

Term
[image]
Definition

Arginine

(Arg)

R

 

Postiive

Term
[image]
Definition

Alanine

(Ala)

A

 

Hydrophobic

Term
[image]
Definition

Valine

(Val)

V

 

Hydrophobic

Term
[image]
Definition

Isoleucine

(Ile)

I

 

Hydrophobic

Term
[image]
Definition

Leucine

(Leu)

L

 

Hydrophobic

Term
[image]
Definition

Methionine

(Met)

M

 

Hydrophobic

Term
[image]
Definition

Phenylanlinine

(Phe)

F

 

Hydrophobic

Term
[image]
Definition

Tyrosine

(Tyr)

Y

 

Hydrophobic

Term
[image]
Definition

Tryptophan

(Trp)

W

 

Hydrophobic

Term
4 Classes of Biomolecules

Chap. 1
Definition
1. Lipids 2. Carbohydrates 3. Proteins 4. Nucleic Acid
Term
Proteins

Chap. 1
Definition
20 Amino Acid
Folds into 3D Shape
4 functions= structure, motility, signaling, catalyst
Term
Nucleic Acid

Chap. 1
Definition
Information molecule
Pyrmidine= thymine, cytoseine, uracil
Purine= Guanine, adenine
Term
Lipids

Chap. 1
Definition
membrane, fuel
Term
Carbohydrate

Chap. 1
Definition
Fuel
Term
4 Levels Cellular Organization

Chap. 1
Definition
Level 1: Monomeric units (Nucleotide, Sugars, amino Acid)
Level 2: Macromolecules (DNA, Proteins, Cellulose)
Level 3: Supramolecular Complexes (Chromatin, plasma membrane, cell wall)
Level 4: Organelles.
Term
Stereoisomers

chap. 1
Definition
same
atoms,
same
chemical
bonds,
different
arrangement
of
atoms.
Term
Chiral Vs. Achiral

Chap. 1
Definition
Chiral= mirror image cannot be superimposed
Achiral= mirror image can be superimposed
Term
Free energy change

Chap. 1
Definition
ΔG =ΔHsystem-­‐TΔSsystem

When ΔG is negative, a process is
spontaneous (exergonic))

When ΔG is positive, a process is
nonspontaneous(endergonic).
Term
The Equilibrium Constant

Chap. 1
Definition
Keq=[C]c[D]d
[A]a[B]b
Term
Relationship between Q & K & ΔG

Chap. 1
Definition
Q=[C]c[D]d
[A]a[B]b

ΔG = 0 or Q=K,the system is at
equilibrium.
Term
Free energy and Equilibrium

chap. 1
Definition
ΔG° = -RT ln K
or
K = e-ΔG°/RT
Term
Metabolic reactions

Chap. 1
Definition
Catabolic (degrade) & Anabolic (build)
Term
[image]
Definition
Functional Groups
Term
Types of intermolecular interactions

Chap. 2
Definition
1. Hydrogen
bonds
– Par
Term
Noncovalent interactions

Chap.2
Definition
stabilization of proteins and nucleic acid. Bind reactants to enzyme
Term
pH

Chap. 2
Definition
pH=­‐log[H+]
Term
Henderson Hasselbach Equation

Chap. 2
Definition
pH in relationship to acid/base.

pH =pKa+log[A-­]
[HA]
Term
Isolectric point

Chap. 2
Definition
PI= (Pka1+Pka2)/2

Use 2 pkas around neutral atom
Term
Peptide bonds

Chap. 3
Definition
joins amino acids amine group left to carboxyl right side of peptide. Molecules named by amino acid with -yl suffix
Term
Ion Exchange chromatography

Chap. 3
Definition
exploits differences in charge and magnitude at given pH
Term
Size-exclusion chromatography

Chap. 3
Definition
separates proteins according to size.
Term
Affinity Chromatography

Chap. 3
Definition
separates proteins by binding specificity.
Term
Electrophoresis

Chap. 3
Definition
Separates proteins with an applied electrical field.
Term
Protein structures

Chap. 3
Definition
1. AA sequence 2. Arrangement of AA (Alpha helix) 3. interaction between peptides 4. polypeptide folding
Term
molecular mass of proteins

Chap. 3
Definition
each AA has a mass of 110g/mol or Daltons
Term
Fibrous proteins

Chap. 4
Definition
long fibers. Two alpha helices form coiled coil.
Term
Collagen

Chap. 4
Definition
3 left hand helices coiled around each other.
Term
Hemoglobin

Chap. 5
Definition
store O2 to RBC and release to rest of the body. Contains prosthetic Heme group.
Term
Positive Cooperativity

Chap. 5
Definition
Heme increases affinity for O2 as more O2 molecules bind. Due to quaternary structure.
Term
Cooperative O2 binding

Chap. 5
Definition
Deoxyhemoglobin= T-State
Oxyhemoglobin= R-state.
Dimers Rotate 15*
Term
Bohr Effect

Chap. 5
Definition
Acidic conditions decrease affinity for O2 in hemoglobin driving an exchange at the tissue.
Term
2,3 BPG

Chap. 5
Definition
stabilizes Deoxyhemoglobin in low O2 environments.
Term
Sickle Cell Anemia

Chap. 5
Definition
Results from switch of Glu-6 to Val-6 of Beta chain. Results in unusual hydrophobic interactions.
Term
Allosteric Protein

Chap. 5
Definition
binding of a ligand that affects the binding ability of another protein.
Term
[image]
Definition
types of enzymes
Term
[image]
Definition
more types of enzymes
Term
properties of thermodynamic reactions

Chap. 5
Definition
The free energy (DG) of the reaction: the free energy difference between the reactants and the products.

activation energy: the energy required to initiate the conversion of reactants into products
Term
thermodynamic landscape

Chap. 5
Definition
Term
Thermodynamic landscape
Definition
[image]
Term
Michaelis constant

Chap. 6
Definition
Km = k-1 + k2
k1

k1=E+S-->ES K-1= ES-->E+S K2=ES-->E+P
Term
Initial Velocity

Chap. 6
Definition
V0 = k2[ES]
Term
Km and Vmax

Chap. 6
Definition
Km= Vmax/2
Term
Km

Chap. 6
Definition
Km = rate of ES breakdown
rate of ES formation
Term
Kcat

Chap. 6
Definition
kcat = Vmax
[E]total

K2
Term
3 types of inhibition

Chap. 6
Definition
Competitive: I binds to E only
Uncompetitive: I binds to ES only
Mixed: I binds to E or ES
Term
Competitive inhibition

Chap. 6
Definition
Vmax same, Km increased
Term
Line weaver Burke
Definition
[image]
Term
Slope related to lineweaver
Definition
[image]
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