Term
|
Definition
a complex of proteins and DNA made up of many genes. Visible during cell division. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a DNA segment that contains instructions to direct the synthesis of a protein. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a tangle of DNA and proteins. During cell division, chromatin unwinds and is organized into chromosomes...this is critical to accurate duplication of genetic information. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a 5-carbon sugar bonded to a cyclic amine base. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a nucleoside + phosphate repeating unit of nucleic acid polymers |
|
|
Term
| componants of a nucleotide |
|
Definition
1. sugar 2. base 3. phosphate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| polymers of nucleotides or polynucleotides |
|
|
Term
| Two types of nucleic acids |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How are DNA and RNA different? |
|
Definition
1. functions different (DNA carries genetic information and RNA puts the information to use) 2. sugars are different (RNA contains ribose, DNA contains 2-deocyribose) |
|
|
Term
| 2 groups of heterocyclic bases |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pyrimidine base only present in DNA |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pyrimidine base only present in RNA |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
nucleic acids are polymers of __________, written __' to __' |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This is the same in every nucleic acid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Nucleic acid structure and function depends on this |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The sequence of nucleotides in nucleic acid is written using one letter codes starting at which end? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Componants of a DNA molecule |
|
Definition
| two complementary polynucleotide strands, orientated in the opposite direction |
|
|
Term
| Base pairing provides what to the DNA molecule? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The consequences of A and T, C and G pairing? |
|
Definition
1. A and T, C and G occur in equal amounts in double-stranded DNA. 2. a higher percentage of C and G's confers a more stable structure. |
|
|
Term
| Location of the sugar-phosphate backbone |
|
Definition
| on the outside of the right-handed double helix. |
|
|
Term
| Location of the heterocyclic bases |
|
Definition
| the inside of the right-handed double helix. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The rungs of the DNA ladder |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The 3 processes involved in genetic information duplication and information transfer |
|
Definition
1. replication 2. transcription 3. translation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the process by which copies of DNA are made when a cell divides. DNA -> DNA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the process by which the information in DNA is read and used to synthesize RNA. DNA -> RNA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The process by which RNA directs protein synthesis. RNA -> protein |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| enzymes involved in the process of unwinding the DNA double helix. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| brach points of DNA strands which provide a bubble into chich the replication process can begin. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| catalyzes the reaction between the 5' phosphate on an incoming nucleotide and the free 3' -OH on the growing polynucleotide. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| continulously growing strand of new DNA |
|
|
Term
| Composistion of lagging strand |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| all genetic material in chromosomes of an organism. size is given as # of base pairs. |
|
|
Term
| Similarities of RNA to DNA |
|
Definition
1. both sugar phosphate polymers 2. both have nitrogen-containing bases |
|
|
Term
| Differences of RNA and DNA |
|
Definition
1. RNA sugar is ribose 2. Base uracil in RNA pairs up with Adenin, not Thymine. 3. RNA strands are smaller 4. RNA is almost always single-stranded. 5. RNA often has complex folds; sometimes folds back to form double-helixes |
|
|
Term
| Semiconservative replication |
|
Definition
| produces a pair of DNA double helixes in which one strand is original and the other has been copied from the original. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a nucleic acid polymer of nucleotides composed of a sugar, a base, and a phosphate double stranded |
|
|
