Term
Oncogenes signaling activation repression GFs, receptos, G-proteins, kinases, phosphorylases, TFs, cell cycle regulators, apoptosis inhibition factors. |
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Definition
_______ are mutant signal factors: proto-oncogenes are genes encoding proteins that normally control other proteins via ______, ______ or ________. Examples? |
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Term
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Definition
| Viruses introduce ________ oncogenes into the genome. |
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Term
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Definition
| Mutated tumor suppressor ___ is in 60% of solid tumors. |
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Term
300 5 10-15 cell cycle cell growth death cross-talk |
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Definition
| About ___ cancer genes have been identified. Out of these, _ can lead to a cancer cell and these mutation modify the function of ___-___ key signaling pathways affecting ___ ____, ____ _____ and ______. There is "____-____" between some of these pathways. |
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Term
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Definition
| A sequence of tumor suppresso inactivation and oncogene activation events occuring over approx. __ years causes progression from benign _____ to metastatic colon cancer. |
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Term
benign liquid metastatic increases |
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Definition
____ tumors require fewer mutated genes (2?) _____ tumors require fewer mutated genes than solid tumors. ____ tumors have the most mutations, and age _____ cancer risk exponentially. |
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Term
Mitogens growth receptor-mediated |
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Definition
| ______ initiate the G0 to G1 transition and cell. Many of these are _____ hormones. Action is membrane ______-________. |
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Term
Ras PDGF (platelet-derived growth factor) 20-30% |
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Definition
| ___, a G-protein on the pathway of ____ was the first oncogene identified and occurs in __-__% of all cancers. |
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Term
Raf MAPKs (mitogen activated protein kinases) TFs (transcription factors) |
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Definition
Inappropriate activation of Ras stimulates cell division by inducing the PDGF response: Ras activates ___, which then phosphorylates MEK. MEK phosphorylates the _____, which go into the nucleus and phosphorylate ___ which lead to cell growth. |
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Term
SOS proto-oncogene GAP Tumor suppressor slow GAP speeds |
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Definition
___ can activate Ras, hence it is a ______. ___ inactivates Ras, hence it is a ______. Breakdown of Ras-GTP to Ras-GDP is ____, but ____ _______ the reaction. |
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Term
Cyclin CDKs (cyclin dependent kinases) CDK4,6 Cyclin D |
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Definition
| The cell cycle is regulated by ______ proteins and ____. The Ras pathway simulates _______ and cell division via increaed _______ production. |
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Term
1-Cyclin D plus CDK4, CDK6 2- Cyclin E and A plus CDK2 3- Cyclin B plus CDK1 |
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Definition
1. This cyclin plus this kinase leads to progression past R point at G1/S boundary. 2- This cyclin plus this kinase leads to initiation of DNA synthesis in early S phase 3- This cyclin plus this kinase leads to transition from G2 to M. |
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Term
1-Cyclin D plus CDK4, CDK6 2- Cyclin E,A plus CDK2 3- Cyclin B plus CDK1 |
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Definition
Tell me which cyclin/kinase combo ensure the following function: 1-progression past R point at G1/S boundary. 2-initiation of DNA synthesis in early S phase. 3- transition from G2 to M |
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Term
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Definition
| Cyclin _/CDK_ stimulates Cyclin E production through __ inactivation. |
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Term
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Definition
| CDKs are regulated by _____ binding and additional ________. |
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Term
oncogenes phosphorylate active Tumor suppressors phosphate inactive |
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Definition
CAK and CDC25 are both potential _____ which ______ a cyclin/CDK complex making it _____. WEE1 and MIK1 are both potential ______, which add a second _____ group to the cyclin/CDK complex making it ______. |
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Term
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Definition
| Generally speacking ___ inhibits all CDKs and is part of the ____ family. |
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Term
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Definition
| This Ink4 proteins, including ___ inhibit only ____ and ____. |
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Term
1- Phosphorylation of Rb leading to its dissociation from E2F, which will allow E2F to increase cyclin E trascription. 2- CDKs and Cyclins 3-Ink4 (CDK4,6) and p21 (All CDKs) plus other inhibitors. |
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Definition
Members of the cyclin D/Rb pathway are frequently mutated in human tumors: 1- Inactivating mutations? (1) 2- Activating mutations? (2) 3- Inactivating mutations that inactivate those in #2? (2) |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ induces cell growth and division by control of cyclin _ synthesis. It is expressed in 20-30% of all tumors. |
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Term
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Definition
| Ras is a _ protein and it is active in _____ form. |
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Term
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Definition
| Ras-GTP activates ____ which will phosphorylate ___ and ____, oncogenes which will dimerize to form transcription factor ____, which induces cyclin _ systhesis, which activates CDK _ and cells are stimulated to proceed into _ phase. |
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