Term
| Collection of urine can test for the following... |
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Definition
| sugar, creatine, ketone bodies, and crystal or bacterial infiltration |
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Term
| enzyme that separates the DNA and unwinds the parental duplex |
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Definition
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Term
| prevents the strands from reassociating and protects from enzymes that cleave single stranded DNA |
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Definition
| single-strand binding proteins |
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Term
| enzymes that break phosphodiester bonds and can rejoin them; relieve supercoiling DNA during unwinding |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What enzymes catalyze the synthesis of DNA and what are 3 major ones for prokaryotic DNA synthesis |
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Definition
DNA polymerases
Pol I, Pol II, and Pol IIII and Pol III is the major one |
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Term
| Why is quinolone used to treat UTIs? |
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Definition
| It inhibits gyrase which is found only in prokaryotic cells or bacteria. so DNA cant replicate |
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Term
| what does Pol III do to prevent errors in base pairs? |
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Definition
| It rereads the chain and will remove and fix base pair mismatches |
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Term
| What are the fragments of the DNA synthesis that occur on the lagging strand? |
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Definition
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Term
| What two proteins are used for removal of RNA primes from the DNA? |
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Definition
| DNA Polymerase I and RNase H |
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Term
| enzyme joins two polynucleotide chains together |
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Definition
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Term
| ZDV used to treat HIV has what that stops DNA replication |
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Definition
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Term
| Exposure to UV light causes cancer or melanomas by doing what to DNA |
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Definition
| it cause pyrimidine dimers to be created |
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Term
| what type of pigment causes people to have a broken DNA repair system and they are more likely to get melanoma |
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Definition
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Term
| Nucleotide Excision repair...tell me the steps |
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Definition
1) endonuclease cleave the abnormal DNA
2) gap is filled by DNA polymerase- its added from the 3' end
3) DNA ligase closes the segment |
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Term
| Base excision repair...tell me the steps |
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Definition
1) DNA glycosylase recognizes small distortionsin DNA involving lesions caused by damage to a single base
2) Glycosylase cleaves the N-glycosidic bond that joins the damaged base to the deoxyribose
3) AP endonuclease cleaves the sugar phosphate strand at this site
4) normal DNA repair happens after this |
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Term
| DNA sugar-phosphate backbone lacks a base at this site is known as |
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Definition
| apurinic or apyrimididinic site or AP site |
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Term
| genes that are actively transcribed to produce mRNA are repaired in this mechanism |
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Definition
| transcription-coupled repair |
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Term
| places where replication begins in e cells |
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Definition
| point of origin for replication |
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Term
| What is the repeating sequence of bases in humans? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the unusual base found in tRNA, that can form base pairs with U, C, A. Formed by the deamination of adenine |
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Definition
| hypoxanthine (I) or inosine |
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Term
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Definition
start- AUG
stop- UGA, UAG, UUA |
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Term
| a mutation from resulting from a single base change |
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Definition
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Term
| a change that specifies the same amino acid |
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Definition
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Term
| a change that specifies a different amino acid |
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Definition
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Term
| a change that produces a stop codon |
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Definition
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Term
| an addition of one or more bases |
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Definition
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Term
| a loss of one or more bases |
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Definition
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Term
| Tell me about Group I chemicals? |
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Definition
| They are initiators of cancer, they cause mutation in DNA |
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Term
| Tell me about Group II chemicals? |
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Definition
| these chemicals are promoters of cancers, they enhance the probability that cells previously initiated would develop a tumor...group II activate protein kinase C |
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Term
| What tes can be used to see if a compound is an initiator of cancer? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does cigarette smoke do? |
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Definition
| It oxidizes benzo[alpha]pyrene, which will bind covalently to guanine residues in DNA, interrupting the G-C hydrogen bonds. |
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Term
| What RNA polymerase is used to make rRNA? |
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Definition
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Term
| What RNA polymerase is used to make mRNA? |
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Definition
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Term
| What RNA polymerase is used to make tRNA and other small RNAs? |
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Definition
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Term
| mode of action of streptomycin |
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Definition
| binds to 30S ribosomal subunit of prok., thereby preventing formation of the initiation complex...it also causes misreadings of the mRNA |
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Term
| mode of action of tetracycline |
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Definition
| binds to the 30S subunit ribosomal subunit and inhibits binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to the A site |
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Term
| mode of action of chloramphenicol |
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Definition
| binds to the 50S ribosomal subunit and inhibits peptidyltransferase |
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Term
| mode of action of erythromycin |
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Definition
| binds to 50S ribosomal subunit and prevents translocation |
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