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Biochem Test 3
enzymes and compounds
30
Biochemistry
Undergraduate 4
04/21/2012

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Term
NADH-CoQ Reductase
Definition
Complex I
Term
CoQ-Cytochrome C Reductase
Definition
Complex III
Term
Cytochrome C Oxidase
Definition
Complex IV
Term
Succinate Dehydrogenase
Definition
Complex II or Succinate CoQ Reductase
Term
Glycerol 3 Phosphate Shuttle
Definition
Flavoprotein 4, Alternate entry to ETC
Term
Malate Aspartate Shuttle
Definition
brings oxaloacetate from cytosol into mito matrix to create NADH for entry into CI
Term
triacylglycerate lipase
Definition
degrades TAG into indiv FA (mono and di acylglycerate lipases exist). Activated by PK
Term
Fatty Acyl CoA Synthetase
Definition
turns FA into fatty acyl CoA. uses ATP
Term
carnitine acyltransferase I
Definition
Catalyzes FA-SCoA + L carnitine --> CoASH + o-acylcarnitine. Regulated by malonyl CoA. On surface of mito matrix.
Term
malonyl CoA
Definition
stops carnitine acyl transferase I
Term
acetyl CoA carboxylase
Definition
synthesizes malonyl CoA, stim by citrate, inhib by FACoA
Term
o acyl carnitine
Definition
form of FA that goes thru inner mito membrane
Term
acyl carnitine translocase
Definition
what o acyl carnitine goes thru into mito matrix thru inner mito membrane
Term
carnitine acyl transferase II
Definition
Catalyzes o acyl carnitine + CoASH --> L carnitine + FA-SCoA
Term
acyl-CoA dehydrogenase
Definition
forms double bond in a FA-CoA
FAD input, FADH2 output
like succinate-->fumarate
Term
enoyl-CoA hydratase
Definition
oxidates and hydrogenates trans-delta2-enoyl CoA
H2O input
like fumarate-->malate
Term
B-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase
Definition
oxidizes B-hydroxy-acyl-CoA, forms ketone
NAD+ input, NADH output
Term
acyl-CoA acetyltransferase
(thiolase)
Definition
Adds acetyl group and breaks apart B-ketoacyl-CoA
input of CoASH
output of Acetyl CoA
Term
enoyl-CoA isomerase
Definition
moves double bond to C2=C3 during FA oxidation of monounsaturated FA
Term
2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase
Definition
hydrogenates a double bond away and leaves it between C3 and C4
Term
thiolase in ketone body synth
Definition
catalyzes 2 acetyl CoA to acetoacetyl-CoA, or reverse
if forward: output of CoA
Term
HMG-CoA synthase
Definition
catalyzes acetoacetyl-CoA to B-hydroxy-B-methyglutaryl-CoA (HMG CoA)
Term
HMG-CoA lyase
Definition
turns HMG-CoA into acetoacetate
Term
acetoacetate
Definition
turns into acetone+CO2 or B hydroxybutryate during ketone body synthesis
Term
B hydroxy butyrate dehydrogenase
Definition
turns acetoacetate into B hydroxybutyrate, or reverse rxn
if forward:
input of NADH + H+
output of NAD+
Term
B-ketoacyl-CoA transferase
Definition
turns acetoacetate into acetoacetyl-CoA
skips the HMG-CoA compound
input succinyl CoA, output succinate
Term
glycogen synthase
Definition
a is active, makes glycogen, forms from b if protein phosphatase 1 acts
+insulin

b is inactive, if PKA acts
+ glucagon, epinephrine
Term
phosphorylase kinase
Definition
activates glycogen phophorylase a for glycogen degradation
PKA activates it, upon glucagon and epinephrine
pro pho.tase 1 deactivates it upon insulin
Term
glycogen phosphorylase
Definition
b is inactive, from insulin
a is active, phosphorylated, degrades glycogen, from glucagon and epinephrine
Term
glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
Definition
cytosolic: turns NADH to HAD and DHAP to Glyc3P

mitochondrial: turns Glyc3P to DHAP and FAD to FADH2
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