Term
|
Definition
Polymers of amino acids
- structure
- transport
- storage
- enzymes
- hormones
- protection
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
organic compound with amino group, carboxyl group and unique side group
- form crystals
- high melting points
- hydrophyllic
- in soluble in hydrocarbon solvents
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Gly
Side group: H
Nonpolar (Hydrophobic) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Val
Side Group: Isopropyl group
Nonpolar (hydrophobic) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Leu
Side Group: Isobutyl
Nonpolar (hydrophobic) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Ile
Side Group: Sec-butyl
Nonpolar (hydrophobic) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Ala
Side Group: Methyl
Nonpolar (hydrophobic) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Phe
Side Group: methyl then phenyl group
Nonpolar (hydrophobic) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Tyr
Side Group: methyl then 4-phenol
Polar (hydrophyllic) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Ser
Side Group: methanol
Polar (hydrophyllic) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Cys
Side Group: methyl then thiol (eh)
Polar (hydrophyllic)
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Lys
Side Group: butylamine
Basic |
|
|
Term
Aspartate (also known as)
|
|
Definition
Aspartic Acid
Asp
Side Group: methyl then COO^-
Acidic |
|
|
Term
| Glutamate (also known as) |
|
Definition
Glutamic Acid
Glu
Side Group: ethyl then COO^-
Acidic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Asn
Side Group: methyl then CONH2
Polar (hydrophyllic) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Gln
Side Group: ethyl then CONH2
Polar (hydrophyllic) |
|
|
Term
Zwitterion
- when in Acidic and basic solutions?
|
|
Definition
Has charged -NH3^+ and COO^- groups
- forms when -NH2 and COOH groups ionize in H-OH
- Low pH= -COO^- accept H+
- High pH= NH3^+ lose H+
|
|
|
Term
Peptide Bond
- Also known as?
- # of units
- Locate N-Terminus and C-Terminus
|
|
Definition
- Amide bond
- Carboxyl group of one amino acid reacts with amino group of another amino acid (loss of H-OH)
- N-terminus on the left and C-terminus on right
|
|
|
Term
Distinguish between
- Protein
- Peptide
- Amino Acid Residue
- Polypeptide
|
|
Definition
Peptides- short length amino acid polymer
Polypeptide-less than 50 amino acids
Protein-more than 50 amino acids
amino acid residue- amino acid that is part of a polymer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Naturally occuring compounds that are insoluble in water
Dissolved in nonpolar solvents like ethers and chloroform |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Steroid nucleus with four fused carbon chains and no fatty acids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Lauric, Myristic, Palmitic, and Stearic Acid.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- fatty acids with 1+ double bonds consisting of cis- or trans- isomers
- Normally liquids at room temperature
- has irregular shape
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Polyunsaturated fatty acids that are not synthesized in the human body and must be obtained through food. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An eicosanoid that is composed of arachidonic acids with a 5-carbon ring and known for many biological effects such as lowering blood pressure and stimulate uterine contractions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An eicosanoid without a 5-carbon chain discovered from leukocytes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The simplest fatty acid esters with alcohols of 24-36 carbons and 16-36 Carbons on the acid. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
TAGs
Triesters of glycerol containing three fatty acids making them hydrophobic molecules without ionic charges. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Solid Triacyglycerols composed of mainly saturated fatty acids and solids at room temperature. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Liquid Triacyglycerols mainly composed of unsaturated fatty acids with cis double bonds making them harder to fit together to form a solid |
|
|
Term
| Hydrogenation in Triacyglycerols |
|
Definition
| Hydrogenation occurs in unsaturated fatty acids resulting in some turning into single bonds but some from cis into trans double bonds resulting in waxy solids such as margerine. |
|
|
Term
| Acid Hydrolysis of Triacyglycerols |
|
Definition
| Splitting triacyglycerols in the presence of strong acids or digestive enzymes such as lipases to for mglycerol and 3 fatty acids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Saponification of a TAG resulting in a glycerol and salts of fatty acids(Soaps) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Salts of fatty acids formed from saponification of saturated fatty acids. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A spherical cluster formed through aggregation of soaps and detergents resulting in its hydrophillic ends at the surface and hydrophobic heads at the center. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A polar phospholipid with a glycerol derivative, 2 fatty acids, and a polar phosphate group/amino alcohol |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
An amino alcohol consisting of
HO-CH2-CH2-N-(CH3)3 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
An amino alcohol consisting of
HO-CH2-CH2-NH3+ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
An amino alcohol consisting of
HO-CH2-CHNCOO- |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Lecithin
- A glycerophospholipid with the amino alcohol choline
- an emulsifying agent that keeps nonpolar liquids within a solution
- Added in foods to keep oils from separating out
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Phosphatidylthanolamine
A glycerophospholipid with an ethanolamine amino acid and sometimes serine. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- A polar phospholipid AND sphingolipid characterized by a sphingosine derivative with a polar phosphate/amino alcohol at C1, and a fatty acid connected by an amide bond at C2
- Major component of the myelin sheath and present in brain tissue
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- A polar sphingolipid with a sphingosine derivative and monosaccharide at C1
- Carobohydrate group serves as receptors in cells to recognize other cells, pathogens, drugs, and chemical messengers
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
"Brain cell"
A glycolipid connected to C1 of a D-Galactose monosaccharide prevalently in nerve cells of the brain |
|
|
Term
| Phospholipids and Glycolipids |
|
Definition
| Serve as membrane bilayers Using polar heads and nonpolar tails to separate the interior of cells from the environment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
"local hormones'
A group of compounds derived from arachadonic acid functioned as short-lived chemical messengers |
|
|
Term
| Cholesterol (characteristics) |
|
Definition
- A steroid in the body characterized by its hydroxyl group at C3 of its sterid nucleus
- obtained from meat, eggs and milk
- synthesized in the liver
- needed in cell membranes, brain and nerve tissue, steroid hormones and vitamin D
- clogs arteries at high levels
- usually measured at mg/dL
|
|
|
Term
| Cholesterol(main functions) |
|
Definition
- A component of cell membranes
- starting material to synthesize other steroids
|
|
|
Term
Cholesterol
in a cell membrane |
|
Definition
| A rigid, flat, hydrophobic molecule (aside from its hydroxy group) distributed among phospholipids' hydrophobic tail to maintain membrane structure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Produced in the liver, stored in the gallbladder, and emptied into the intestine to emulsify lipids-break down lipid globules to be more easily hydrolized |
|
|
