Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Nitrate reductase is located in __________. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| symbiotic bacteria with plant |
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Term
| ADP & NH4 inhibits ____________ of nitrogen reductase. |
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Definition
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Term
| How many ATP are needed to reduce N2? |
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Definition
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Term
| The primary electron donor of nitrogen fixation is _____________. |
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Definition
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Term
All of these are required for nitrogen fixation except:
nitrogenase
reduced ferrodoxin
ATP
anaerobic conditions
All of these are necessary |
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Definition
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Term
| Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I (CPS-1) converts _________ to _________. |
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Definition
| NH4 to carbamoyl-phosphate |
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Term
| Glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) converts ____________ to _________ via amination. |
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Definition
| alpha-ketoglutarate; glutamate |
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Term
| Glutamine synthetase (GS) catalyzes the conversion of __________ to _________ via amidation. |
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Definition
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Term
| Glutamate synthase (GS) catalyzes ________________ and ____________ to form two glutamates. |
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Definition
| alpha-ketoglutarate; glutamine |
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Term
Feedback inhibition of Glutamine Synthase regulation involves all of the following except:
Gly
Ser
His
Trp
CTP
Thr
AMP
G6P |
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Definition
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Term
| List the nonessential amino acids. |
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Definition
Ala, Asp, Asn
Tyr
Cys
Pro
Gly, Gln, Glu
Ser |
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Term
| True or false: the glutamate-dependent transamination of alpha-ketoglutarate is the primary mechanism for amino acid synthesis. |
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Definition
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Term
| alpha-ketoglutarate family |
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Definition
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Term
| The urea cycle is linked to the tricarboxylic acid cycle by ___________. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| ___________ converts methionine to _____________. |
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Definition
| s-adenosylmethionine synthase; SAM |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| 3-Phosphoglycerate family |
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Definition
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Term
| 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase diverts 3-PG from glycolysis to form ________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Chorismate is the foundation for which amino acids? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which enzyme has channels to accomodate the intense non-polarity of its intermediate? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the active chemical in RoundUp? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which amino acids are purely ketogenic? |
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Definition
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Term
| Tyrosine degrades to form ________ and __________ for the citric acid cycle. |
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Definition
| acetoacetate and fumarate |
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Term
| Leucine degrades to form ___________ and ______ for ketogenesis. |
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Definition
| acetyl-CoA and acetoacetate |
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Term
| Ile, Met, and Val are degraded to __________ and then ___________ to enter into the TCA cycle |
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Definition
| propionyl-CoA; succinyl-CoA |
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Term
| Which amino acids can be converted into fumarate? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is nitrogen fixation? |
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Definition
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Term
| Nitrate assimilation occurs in two steps: reduction of nitrate to form __________ and further reduction to __________. |
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Definition
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Term
All N2-fixing systems are nearly identical and have all of the requirements EXCEPT:
a. ATP.
b. O2-free conditions.
c. the enzyme nitrogenase.
d. strong reductant such as ferredoxin.
e. all of the above are requirements. |
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Definition
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Term
Control over nitrogenase activity is accomplished by which of the following?
A. ATP serves as an allosteric activator
B. AMP serves as an allosteric inhibitor
C. NH4+ prevents expression of the genes that encode nitrogenase
D. ADP serves as an allosteric activator
E. none of the above |
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Definition
| C. NH4 prevents expression of genes |
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Term
What reaction does glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) catalyze?
A. The reductive amination of beta-ketoglutarate to yield glutamate.
B. Phosphorylation of carbamate to yield carbamoyl-phosphate.
C. The amidation of the gamma-carboxyl group of glutamate to form glutamine.
D. The deadenylation of glutamine synthetase.
E. The adenylation of glutamine synthetase. |
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Definition
| A. reductive amination of beta-KG to yield glutamate |
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Term
| Glutamine synthetase (GS) requires ATP. [T/F] |
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Definition
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Term
All of the following act in feedback inhibition of glutamine synthetase (GS) in prokaryotes EXCEPT:
A. AMP
B. proline
C.glucosamine-6-phosphate.
D.CTP.
E. histidine. |
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Definition
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Term
In plants and microorganisms, amino acid biosynthesis is a matter of synthesizing the appropriate __________ followed by transamination with __________.
a. acetyl-CoA derivatives; glutamine
b. -ketoacid; glutamate
c. phospho-carbon skeleton; alanine
d. none are true |
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Definition
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Term
| Ornithine has three roles. Name them. |
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Definition
1) Precursor to ARG
2) Intermediate in Urea Cycle
3) Intermediate in ARG degradation. |
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Term
| The Urea cycle is linked to the TCA cycle by ________________ |
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Definition
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Term
Aspartate (ASP) is formed from transamination of:
A. asparagine. D. citrate
B. aspartame. E. -ketoglutarate
C. Oxaloacetate |
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Definition
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Term
| _________________ catalyzes the reaction of methionine with ATP to form ______________________. |
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Definition
| S-adenosylmethionine synthase; S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) |
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Term
| Ser, Thr and Cys are all derived from 3-phosphoglycerate. [T/F] |
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Definition
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Term
| Chorismate is the common precursor of what three amino acids. |
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Definition
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Term
The term ketogenic amino acids refers to amino acids:
A. that are precursors for glucose synthesis.
B. that can be converted to fatty acids or ketone bodies.
C. that can not be converted to fatty acids or ketone bodies.
D. none of the above. |
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Definition
| B. that can be converted to fatty acids or ketone bodies. |
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Term
| Valine, isoleucine, and methionine are converted via __________ to _______________ for entry into the citric acid cycle. |
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Definition
| propionyl-CoA; succinyl-CoA |
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Term
| Leucine is degraded to _________________ and ____________. |
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Definition
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