Term
| Describe feedback inhibition |
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Definition
| the build of a product inhibits the enzyme catalyzing an earlier step |
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Term
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Definition
| feedback inhibition and transcriptional reg. |
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Term
| Describe reducing atm-Oparins hyp |
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Definition
| E from lightning, volcanoes, sun plus CH4, NH3, H20 and H2 produced simple organic products of the course of millions of years. Eventually complexes such as catalysts and membranes formed |
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Term
| Modern day extensions of Miller-Urey exp. |
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Definition
| CH4, NH3, H2O and H2 combined w/ HCN and CO2 to produce amino acids, fatty acids, sugars, nuc. acid bases, etc |
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Term
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Definition
| ETI contributed significant amt of organic carbon, which released organic compounds after hi heat/pressure- primordial soup |
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Term
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Definition
| high T and pressure makes large array of organics. Spontaneous vesicle formation and growth of bacteria is supported. |
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Term
| In neutral atmosphere theory, where did first organics come from? |
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Definition
deep space ice (interstellar ice)- I.I.
Provided protection and allows reactivity |
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Term
| Work by Deamer lab on neutral atm/ETI theory |
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Definition
| Conditions recreated- I.I. components (H20,CO2,NH3CH3OH, temp, vaccum and UV irrad). Dozens of complex chemicals formed, similar to those on Murchisons meteorite |
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Term
| Evolution beneath sea floor- support |
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Definition
| 2/3 of living cells underground, protection,"food" supply from oil/H2S/H2O, high T and pressure, oil/water interface= membrane formation |
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Term
| implications of sea floor theory |
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Definition
| could provide important tools for medicine, bioremediation; investigation of life on other planets |
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Term
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Definition
| Encapsidation of a large number of organics in a membrane boundary (periods of aqueous env. and dry sandwich the protocells together) |
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Term
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Definition
| RNA came first because it can have a catalytic ability. |
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Term
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Definition
| RNA in ribosome catalyzes formation of peptide bond |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| catalysts, structure, transport |
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Term
| Both carbohydrates and complex lipids share which 2 functions? |
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Definition
| structure and energy source |
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Term
| 2 nucleotides that have functions other than info storage |
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Definition
| ATP (energy) and NADH (metabolism) |
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Term
| 5 classes of rxns in biological systems |
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Definition
| group transfer, RedOx, rearrangements, cleavage rxn, condensation |
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Term
| what kind of rxn occurs in many anabolic rxns? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| ATP ---> ADP transferring phosphate onto glucose (for example) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| nothing lost or gained, parts simply rearranged |
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Term
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Definition
| breaking of C-C bonds, often occurs via hydrolysis |
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Term
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Definition
| 2 things condense together, can lose/gain water, occurs in anabolic processes |
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Term
| non polar, hydrophobic molecules aggregate in water, explain |
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Definition
| small groups of hydrophobic molecules join together, creating less S.A. and therefore decreasing the number of ordered water m-cs so entropy increases . Energy comes from gain in entropy. |
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Term
| 3 properties of water that make it a good buffer |
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Definition
| high B.P., M.P., heat of vaporization |
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Term
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Definition
| resists change in pH of a soln when small amounts of H+ or OH- are added |
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Term
| At what pH would a substance act best as a buffer? |
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Definition
| at its pKa. Best buffer is when pH=pKa |
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Term
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Definition
| phosphate (intracellular) and bicarbonate (extracellular) |
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Term
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Definition
Ala non polar, aliphatic Fxnl grp:-CH3 2nd smallest |
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Term
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Definition
Gly non polar, aliphatic,non chiral fxnl grp:-H |
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Term
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Definition
Val
non polar
Fxnl grp:-CH3 |
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Term
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Definition
Leu
non polar
Fxnl grp: -CH3 |
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Term
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Definition
Ile
non polar, aliphatic
Fxnl grp: -CH3 |
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Term
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Definition
Met
non polar, aliphatic
Fxnl grp: -S-CH3 |
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Term
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Definition
pro
non polar, aliphatic, imino ring (rigid)
Fxnl grp: -NH2(+)- (in ring)
rigid imino ring, distorts polypeptide chain |
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Term
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Definition
Trp aromatic, absorbs UV light/used to quantify proteins Fxnl grp: H on indole ring |
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Term
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Definition
Phe
non polar, aromatic
Fxnl grp: phenyl |
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Term
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Definition
Tyr
Mod. polar
Fxnl grp: -OH |
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Term
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Definition
Ser
polar, uncharged
Fxnl grp: -OH |
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Term
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Definition
Thr
polar, uncharged
Fxnl grp:-OH |
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Term
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Definition
Cys
slightly Polar, uncharged,can form S-S bonds
Fxnl grp: -SH |
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Term
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Definition
Asn Polar, uncharged, amide form of Asp acid Fxnl grp:C0NH2 |
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Term
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Definition
Gln polar, uncharged, amide form of glut. acid Fxnl grp: CO-NH2 |
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Term
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Definition
Asp
Polar, Acidic, neg charged @ cell. pH
Fxnl grp:COO- |
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Term
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Definition
Glu polar, acidic, neg. charges @ cell. pH Fxnl grp: COO- |
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Term
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Definition
Lys
polar, basic, pos. charged @cell. pH
Fxnl grp:-NH3 |
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Term
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Definition
Arg
polar, basic,pos. charged @cell. pH
Fxnl grp: NH2=C-NH2 (guanidino grp) |
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Term
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Definition
His polar, basic, can buffer near phys. pH Fxnl grp:-NH(+)= (on ring) |
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Term
| In a molecule, which carbon is the most acidic? |
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Definition
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Term
| In a cation exchange column, which a.a. will stay in the column and which will come thru? |
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Definition
| Positively charged will stay (bond strongest) and neg. charged will leave |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Give 2 biol. active peptides and their functions |
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Definition
Insulin/ glucagon- regulate blood sugar
Enkephalins-deaden pain, bind to brain
Nutrasweet- dipeptide of Asp-Phe |
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Term
| When 2 amino acids join together, what kind of reaction occurs? |
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Definition
| Condensation rxn, loss of water |
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Term
| An E.Coli cell has how many protein types? |
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Definition
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Term
| Mammals have how many types of proteins? |
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Definition
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Term
| Most proteins are smaller/larger than 220kD |
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Definition
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Term
| How do you find the number of a.a.s in a protein? |
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Definition
| Divide the molecular weight (in Daltons) by 110D |
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Term
| Ion exchange chromatography can be used for... |
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Definition
| determining the types but not the sequence of amino acids |
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Term
| Which 3 amino acids are considered rare? |
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Definition
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Term
| Define prosthetic group. Give an example from the catalytic center and one from a protein surface |
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Definition
It is a non a.a. part of a protein that is req'd for a proteins function.
-Hemoproteins(cat. center)
Lipoproteins(proteins surface) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| In gel filtrations which proteins come out first? why? |
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Definition
| Large proteins bc they dont spend time in bead pores like smaller proteins |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| substance that specifically binds to your protein |
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Term
| What are units of spec. activity? does it increase or decrease as protein is purified |
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Definition
| units/mg. it will increase |
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Term
| in SDS-PAGE, proteins move according to their____. Which electrode do they move towards and why? |
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Definition
| Move according to size and move towards positive electrodes.SDS gives molecules a negative charge. |
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Term
| What gel is used in SDS-PAGE? |
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Definition
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Term
| Do large proteins move faster/slower in SDS-PAGE? |
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Definition
| large proteins move slower |
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Term
| nucleotide monomers and functions |
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Definition
| nucleotides; ATP(E), NADH (metabolism) and DNA/RNA(information) |
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Term
| In the Molten Globule model, what provides the driving force in folding a protein? |
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Definition
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