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Biochem Obesity
KYCOM Block 4
32
Biochemistry
Graduate
12/10/2012

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Cards

Term
define obesity
Definition
accumulation of body fat, genetic tendency to store extra calories
Term
what is hte cause of obesity
Definition
sedentary life style, tasty high calory food increases intake
Term
what does being obease increase the risk of
Definition
arthritis, diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension
Term
what does BMI measure
Definition
indirect measurement of body far
Term
what causes BMI to be inaccurate
Definition
more muscle
Term
what does waist measurement show
Definition
abdomen fat amount
Term
what does waist measurement correlate with
Definition
morbidity and mortality risk
Term
what type of fat distribution indicates higher risk
Definition
android or apple shape
Term
what is android
Definition
apple shape or upper body obesity
Term
what occurs in the body when someone has android fat distribution
Definition
higher risk of metabolic disease, metabolically active, high, lipolysis
Term
what is gynoid
Definition
pear shape lower body obesity
Term
what occurs in the body when someone has gynoid fat distribution
Definition
larger cells with slower FA metabolism and more efficient
Term
what is visceral fat
Definition
omental and mesenteric area around digestive tract
Term
what happes to visceral fat
Definition
FA release go to portal vein and to liver
Term
what effects does released visceral fat have on the body
Definition
insulin resistance and TAG synthesis, TAG release as VLDL, hypertriglycerdimea
Term
were is subcutaneous fat
Definition
abdominal or gliteal femoral
Term
in what location is a majority of fat
Definition
subcutaneous
Term
what happens to free FA release from subcutaneous fat
Definition
goes into circulation to the muscle and is oxidized so less fat goes to the liver
Term
how does fat function in the endocrine system
Definition
secretes hormones to regulate appetite and metabolism (leptin), secretes adiponectin
Term
what type of molecule is adiponectin
Definition
cytokine
Term
what does adiponectin do
Definition
reduces feww FA, improves lipid profile and glycemic control, reduces inflammation
Term
how are mature adipocytes made
Definition
pre-adipocytes proliferate and differentiate
Term
how can adipocytes themselves contribute to obesity
Definition
they increase in size and number causes it, if emptied they can influce appetite to refil. they need to be removed
Term
what is eptopic fat
Definition
excess fat stored in the liver
Term
what effect does eptopic fat cause
Definition
insulin resistance
Term
describe why we use a settling point and what it shows
Definition
we use it because a set point could not describe the changes in weight. settling point allows for drift around the point due to enivormental and biological changes
Term
what evidence suggests the obesity is a genetically driven disease
Definition
adpoted children correlate with biological parents, identical twins have smiliar BMI, dyzgotic twins dont
Term
what happens if leptin or its receptor are mutated
Definition
hyperphagia which leads to an increased appetite and extreme obesity
Term
why cant appetite hormones regulate obesity
Definition
because once obease, one becomes insensitive to them
Term
why is there a recent obesity epidemic
Definition
can't be explained by genetics, its for enivormnetal reasons, not all people in the same enivornment have it
Term
what enivormental reasons contribute to the recent obesity epidemic
Definition
tasty energy dense foods, sedentary life styles, snacking, portion size, number of people we dine with
Term
what are the long term signalers of satiation
Definition
leptin and insuliin
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