Term
|
Definition
Fructose --> F1P
(liver, kidney, intestine)
(ATP) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Galactose --> Galactose 1 P
(ATP) |
|
|
Term
| Galactose-1-phosphate urdiyl transferase (GALT) |
|
Definition
| Galactose 1p --> Glucose 1P |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Galactose-->Galactitol
Glucose--> Sorbitol |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| acts on Glucose 6 phosphate. HMS shunt (pentose phosphate pathway) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Ribulose-5-P (Ribose 5-P) --> Glyceraldehyde 3P, Fructose 6P
(TPP) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Glucose 6P--> glucose
Gluconeogenesis. counterpart of glucokinase |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Fructose 1,6 BP--> Fructose 6P
+ATP
-F26P |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Pyruvate-->OAA
(ATP, biotin, CO2)
+acetyl-CoA, Glucagon, Cortisol |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| fructose 2,6-bisphosphate |
|
Definition
F26BP = insulin = Glycolysis
overrides PFK1 inhibition in liver |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Glc-->Glc6P
(ATP)
+Insulin
-Fructose 6P |
|
|
Term
| Phosphofructosekinase 1 (PFK1) |
|
Definition
Fructose 6P--> Fructose 1,6 BP
RLS
(ATP)
+AMP, F26BP
-ATP, Citrate |
|
|
Term
| Phosphofructosekinase 2 (PFK2) |
|
Definition
Bifunctional enzyme
Fed: Breaks down F26BP for gluconeogenesis
+glucagon
Fasting: increase F26BP to override PFK1 inhibition in liver
+insulin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Glc 1P --> Glycogen
a-1,4 linkages
Glycogen Storage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Glycogen Storage
a 1-6 linkages
moves glycogen chain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Glycogen mobalization
transferase - moves branch
glucoside - releases last glc. creates free Glucose |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase |
|
Definition
Acetaldehyde --> Acetate
*causes hangovers, deficient in asians |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
breaks down TG in intestine
-cleaves off FA on carbon 1 and 3 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
malate --> pyruvate
produces NADPH used for FA synthesis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Acetyl-CoA --> Malonyl CoA
RLS of FA synthesis
(biotin, ATP, CO2)
+citrate
-palmitoyl CoA
further regulation:
kinase: +AMP
PP2A:
+insulin
-glucagon, epinephrine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
builds FA from malony-CoA
(contains Pantothenic Acid) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Adds double bonds to FA (can't insert past carbon 9) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
extends FA beyond 16 carbons
-in ER |
|
|
Term
| Glycerol 3P Dehydrogenase |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Glycerol 3P --> Glycerol
(only in the liver) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
degradation of TG circulating in chylomicrons
(only on endothelium of capilaries)
+insulin (facilitates release) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
CHOL + FA --> Cholesterol ester (CE)
(in intestinal mucosa cell) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
in intestine, cleaves fatty acid off of Chol ester
(CE are too greasy to go through a membrane) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
HMG-CoA --> Mevalonate
De Novo Chol Synthesis
RLS
in ER of all cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
regulated enzyme in bile acid synthesis
+insulin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Fa --> Fa-CoA
activates the FA
RLS of beta oxidation
(ATP) |
|
|
Term
| Carnitine Acyltransferase |
|
Definition
CAT 1 - transfers FA of FA-CoA onto carnitine to transfer it into across inner mitochondrial matrix for beta oxidaiton
-malonyl CoA
CAT 2 - transfers FA from carnitine back onto CoA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
enzyme of beta oxidation; long, medium, and short form
|
|
|
