Term
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Definition
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Term
| Diameter of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells |
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Definition
Prok - 1-2 microns (10^-6meters)
Euk - 10-20 microns |
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Term
| Visible light and red and blue color wavelengths |
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Definition
Visible light 400-700 nm
Blue 475 nm
Red 650 nm |
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Term
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Definition
Thymine contains a methyl group
Uracil is the RNA compliment of thymine in transcription |
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Term
| If HCl is added what happens to pH and H+ concentrations |
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Definition
pH goes down (More acidic)
H+ goes up (Higher concentration of H+ ions) |
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Term
| Bond strength (covalent vs hydrogen bonds) |
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Definition
Covalent bonds are stronger (400 KJ/mol)
Hydrogen bonds are weaker (30 KJ/mol) |
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Term
| Lipid Bilayer versus lipid Vesicle |
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Definition
Lipid bilayers are what make up the outer cell membrane
Lipid Vesicles for balls and used to transport inside a cell
Lipid vesicles are formed inside a cell and can transport things around in a cell |
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Term
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Definition
Blood pH Buffer - CO2 + H2O <-> H+ and HCO3- pH= 6.4
Cell pH - H2PO4- <-> H+ and HPO4-2 pH = 7.2 |
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Term
| pKa related to pH of the amino acid |
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Definition
More acidic - Protonate
More basic - depronate |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
T+C+U one ring systems
6 membered ring |
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Term
| Bond angle of a H20 molecule |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
G=H-TS
G= -RTlnKeq Keq= prod/react |
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Term
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Definition
| The triphospate group has 4 negatively charged oxygens all in close proximity |
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Term
| Hydrophobic and hydrophilic |
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Definition
Hydrophobic are NONPOLAR
Hydrophilic are polar like dissolves like, water = polar |
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Term
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Definition
soluble at one end and insoluble on the other, creates vesicles and bilayers
Polar molecules dont diffuse easily across bilayers |
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Term
pKa values of O=C-O-H
-NH3 |
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Definition
O=C-O- pKa = 4
-NH2 pKa = 10 |
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Term
| Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation |
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Definition
pH = pKa = log (conj. base)/(base)
changes in pH change by a ratio of 10 |
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Term
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Definition
Dehydration reaction
C forms with N losses H2O |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Sugar phosphate backbone with phosphates
5' to 3' |
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Term
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Definition
RNA can form complex structures because of extra Oxygen on ribose can create H bonds and more structures
stem loop and pseudo knot because of h-bonding between base pairs since it is only single stranded |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A = constant*Length*concentration |
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Term
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Definition
Denature - heat up a protein and split the strands
Renature - cool down protein slow enough to get the correct strands back together |
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Term
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Definition
Template DNA
DNA polymerase
dNTPs
ddNTPs
DNA primer point to begin sequencing |
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Term
| Wavelength of Absorbance of DNA |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
A+T 2 H bonds
G+C 3 H bonds |
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Term
| What can form disulfide bonds |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Alpha Helix - side chains outside of the helix
Beta Sheet - side chains above and below the plain of the sheet |
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Term
| How to find structures of Proteins |
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Definition
X-ray crystal.... - protein must be crystalized
NMR - doesn't work for proteins over 400 amino acids |
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Term
| What determines protein shape? |
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Definition
| Hydrophobic effects and then H bonds |
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Term
| Protein that helps folding |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| heating, pH levels, adding detergent, chemicals like guanidine or urea |
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Term
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Definition
Found in muscle cells
O2 binding protein
heme group |
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Term
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Definition
1) Low pH promotes O2 release from hemoglobin.
2) High CO2 concentration (and carbamate formation) promote O2 release from hemoglobin. |
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Term
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Definition
BPG binds to histidines on hemoglobin, and lowers its affinity for O2
This makes unloading of O2 from hemoglobin in red blood cells more efficient |
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Term
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Definition
Doesn't have as many BFG
Making the affinity for O2 increase greater than that of the mother |
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Term
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Definition
Glu->Val
Distorts cell shape, founding hemoglobin strands in red blood cells |
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Term
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Definition
CO irreversibly binds to the heme group of hemoglobin
Once one CO binds the affinity for O2 increases but doesn't let it go at the cells and tissues that need it |
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Term
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Definition
Actin built by monomers, 70 angstroms in diameter
Grow faster at the + end |
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Term
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Definition
| Tubulin - dimer 240 Angstroms |
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Term
| Microtubules are inside the cells |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Triple helix
Cross linking lysines in fibers
Every third is a glysine |
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Term
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Definition
| The O2 increased affinity but doesn't let go of the O2 |
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Term
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Definition
| Hemoglobin cooperatively bond because it changes its shape. |
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Term
| Parallel and anti parallel beta sheets side group placement |
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Definition
Parallel - to the side
Anti - above and below |
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