Term
| what is another name for the hexose monophosphate pathway |
|
Definition
| pentose phosphate pathway |
|
|
Term
| what is the purpose of the HMP |
|
Definition
| generate NADPH and or 5 carbon ribose |
|
|
Term
| what is the five carbon ribose made by HMP used for |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| if NADPH only is needed list the intermediates in order leading to NADPH production |
|
Definition
| glucose-6-phosphate to 6-phosphoglyconate to ribose 5-P, intermediate sugar, fructose-6-P or glyceraldehyde-3-P, glycolysis |
|
|
Term
| if NADPH and ribose is needed list the intermediates in order to get both |
|
Definition
| glucose-6-P, 6-phosphogluconate, ribose-5-P, nucleotides |
|
|
Term
| if nucleotide is needed only list the intermediates in order to get to it |
|
Definition
| fructose-6-P or glyceraldehyde-3-P, intermediate sugar, ribose-5-P, nucleotide |
|
|
Term
| what is the rate limiting enzyme of HMP |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what type of reaction does glucose-6-P dehydrogenase do |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what activates glucose-6-P dehydrogenase |
|
Definition
| insulin increases transcription |
|
|
Term
| what inhibits glucose-6-P dehydrogenase |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the rate limitng step in Hmp |
|
Definition
| glucose-6-P to 6-phosphogluconate |
|
|
Term
| what step in HMP makes NADPH |
|
Definition
| glucose-6-P to 6-phosphogluconate and 6-phosphogluconate to ribose-5-P |
|
|
Term
| in what step of HMP is CO2 released |
|
Definition
| 6-phosphogluconate to ribose-5-P |
|
|
Term
| what enzyme turns ribose to intermediate sugars and glycolysis intermediates and vice versa |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does TPP require to work |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is a characteristic spot TPP is located |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how can a thiamine deficiency be measured |
|
Definition
| measure transketolase activity in the RBC: if added thiamine pyrophosphate increases activity there is a thiamine deficiency |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| energy for reduction biosynthesis, neutralize reative O species, chtochrome P450 monooxygenase system, generation of O radicals, nitric oxide synthesis |
|
|
Term
| what reduction biosynthesis pathways is NADPH used in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what system uses NADPH to neutralize reactive O species |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the overall purpose of cytochrome P450 monooxygenase system |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| why would NADPH make free O radicals |
|
Definition
| because macrophages and neutrophils use it to destory the things they phagocytosed |
|
|
Term
| explain the glutathionine system |
|
Definition
| NADPH reduces glutathionine allowing it to turn peroxide into water getting rid of O radicals |
|
|
Term
| what are the two ways the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase system works |
|
Definition
| mitochondrial, microsomal |
|
|
Term
| what is the mitochondrial cytochrome P450 monooxygenase system used for |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the mitochondrial cytochrome P450 monooxygenase system do |
|
Definition
| adds O to steroif nucleus to make them more soluble |
|
|
Term
| what does the microsomal cytochrome P450 monooxygenase system used for |
|
Definition
| detoxify chemicals, drug metabolism |
|
|
Term
| what does the microsomal cytochrome P450 monooxygenase system do |
|
Definition
| adds o to activate, make more soluble, or provide a reactive group to chemicals |
|
|
Term
| what enzyme uses NADPH to make free radicals |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what disease involves a deficiency in NADPH oxidase |
|
Definition
| chronic granulomatous disease |
|
|
Term
| what are the symptoms of chronic granulomatous disease |
|
Definition
| suspectible to bacterial infection and more severe infections, granuloma formation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| nodes where macrophages accumulate and the body builds walls around them because they are not digesting the bacteria because they have no free radicals because NADPH oxidase is broken |
|
|
Term
| what do you need to make nitroic oxide |
|
Definition
| argining, oxygen, NADPH, nitroic oxide synthase |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how does NO get into cells easily |
|
Definition
| it is a very reactive gas |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| relax smooth muscle, used by macrophages to make free radicals, inhibits platlet aggregation, neurotransmitter for the brain |
|
|
Term
| what is a drug that induces the help of NO to relax smooth muscle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what chromosome is glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase located on |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what demographic is more likley to have a glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency |
|
Definition
| males who are african, mediterranian, asian |
|
|
Term
| what benifit does having a glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency provide |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the symptoms of a glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is usually wrong with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in a deficiency |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| why does glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency come with episodic hemolytic anemia |
|
Definition
| in RBC they can only make NADPH via HMP, because they have no nucleus they cannot replace glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase |
|
|
Term
| what causes episodic hemolytic anemia episodes in a glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how is oxidative stress caused |
|
Definition
| infection learning to oxygen radicals made by macrophages, drugs (even normally safe ones), fava beans |
|
|
Term
| what happens to a patient with a glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency once the oxidative stress is removed |
|
Definition
| patient recovers completely as new RBC made |
|
|
Term
| what is a diagnostic feature of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| percipitated oxidized hemoglibin |
|
|
Term
| what causes bon gierke's disease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does glucose-6-phosphate do |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is glucose-6-phosphate mostly located |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does hypouricemia do |
|
Definition
| tie up cellular phosphate |
|
|
Term
| what is a symptom of a glucose-6-phosphate deficiency |
|
Definition
|
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