Test sensitivity= true positive / (true positive x false negative)

_{note: prostate cancer tests have a lot of false negatives}

Specificity = True negatives / (True negatives x false positives)

_{False positives are a waste of test money, but better than a false negative}

1. Familial adenomatous polyposis (fap) gene

2. Heriditary non-polyposis (hnpcc) gene

3. RAS mutations

4. dcc mutations

5. p53 mutations

This gene encodes a protein with sequence homology to cell surface glycoproteins

_{(Not sure why this causes cancer, but whatever)}

1. gag: group-specific antigen

2. pol: RNA-dependent DNA polymerase

3. env: Viral envelop protein

Rous scarcoma virus (the virus Peyton Rous won his Nobel prize for)

A complete transforming virus, containing src gene that forms tumors in chickens

Avian leukosis virus

A "slow transforming" virus because it dos not contain the src gene that directly forms tumors

Instead, it increases myc transcription required for cell growth

The proto-oncogene changes to an oncogene (lacks the coding region for its C-terminal)

RSV-viral src loses its ability to autoregulate its tyrosine kinase activity, resulting in unregulated signal transduction

_{The four nucleotides (pun)}

The Cancer Gene Atlas, a project with a goal to derive the genome of all cancers Unfortunately, there is too much variety in possible mutations. Any step in signal transduction can be an oncogene.

Chromosomal translocation switching of the c-abl proto-oncogene on 9q with bcr on 22q

_{(9q:22q) indicates chromosome locations}

This generates an altered c-ABL tyrosine kinase