Term
| the 3 parts of protein synthesis |
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Definition
1: initiation
2: elongation
3: termination |
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Term
| protein-synthesis initiation requires the the cooperation of... |
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Definition
-the ribosome
-tRNA
-mRNA
-various protein factors |
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Term
| the 3 tRNA binding sites in ribosomes |
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Definition
-A site (aminoacyl)
-P site (peptidyl)
-E site (exit) |
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Term
| depiction of the binding sites of transfer RNA |
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Definition
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Term
| depiction of an active ribosome |
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Definition
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Term
| the start signal for translation is usually... |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| when an mRNA encodes 2 or more polypeptide chains |
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Term
| all known mRNA molecules contain... |
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Definition
| the start and stop signals of the polypeptide chain(s) they encode |
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Term
| other than the initiating codon, what else is involved in initiation in bacteria? |
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Definition
| a purine-rich sequence called the Shine-Dalgarno sequence |
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Term
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Definition
| purine-rich sequence upstream of start codon that helps initiate translation |
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Term
| depiction of initiation sites |
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Definition
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Term
| function of untranslated regions of mRNA |
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Definition
| usually to regulate the usage of mRNA molecules |
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Term
| the 2 kinds of interactions that determine where protein synthesis starts in bacteria |
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Definition
1: pairing of mRNA bases with the 3' end of 16S rRNA
2: pairing of the initiator codon on mRNA with the anticodon of an initiator tRNA molecule |
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Term
| bacterial protein synthesis is initiated by... |
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Definition
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Term
| protein synthesis in bacteria starts with... |
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Definition
| the modified amino acid N-formylmethionine (fMet) |
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Term
| depiction of N-formylmethionine (fMet) |
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Definition
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Term
| depiction of the formylation of methionyl-tRNA |
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Definition
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Term
| the rate-limiting step in protein synthesis |
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Definition
| formation of the 70S complex |
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Term
| depiction of translation initiation in bacteria |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| basically where the ribosome reads the mRNA |
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Term
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Definition
| deliver aminoacyl-tRNA to the ribosome |
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Term
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Definition
rotation of the aminoacyl-tRNA in the A site so that the amino acid is brought into proximity with the aminoacyl-tRNA in the P site on the ribosome
this process aligns the amino acids for peptide bond formation |
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Term
| are internal AUG codons read by the initiator tRNA? |
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Definition
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Term
| peptidyl transferase center |
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Definition
| catalyzes the formation of a peptide bond |
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Term
| the ribosome gets much of its catalytic power from... |
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Definition
| catalysis by proximity and orientation |
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Term
| depiction of peptide bond formation |
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Definition
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Term
| depiction of the mechanism of protein synthesis |
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Definition
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Term
| translocation in ribosomes is enhanced by... |
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Definition
| elongation factor G (EF-G) aka translocase |
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Term
| elongation factor G (EF-G) aka translocase |
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Definition
| enhances elongation in ribosomes |
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Term
| depiction of the translocation mechanism |
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Definition
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Term
| where the peptide chain stays during translation |
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Definition
| in the P site of the ribosome; it leaves thru the exit tunnel |
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Term
| how tRNA moves thru the ribosome |
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Definition
| in the A site, thru the P site, and out the E site |
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Term
| direction the polypeptide chain is synthesized in |
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Definition
| amino-terminal-to-carboxyl-terminal |
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Term
| depiction of polypeptide chain growth |
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Definition
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Term
| which terminus are new amino acids added to in protein synthesis? |
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Definition
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Term
| protein synthesis is terminated by... |
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Definition
| release factors that read stop codons |
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Term
| stop codons are recognized by... |
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Definition
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Term
| depiction of the termination of protein synthesis |
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Definition
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Term
| what a release factor does |
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Definition
| recognizes a stop codon in the A site and stimulates the release of the completed protein from the tRNA in the P site |
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Term
| where bacteria and eukaryotes differ in protein synthesis |
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Definition
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Term
| some areas where bacteria and eukaryotes differ in the initiation of protein synthesis |
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Definition
1: ribosomes
2: initiator tRNA
3: initiation
4: the structure of mRNA
5: elongation and termination
6: organization |
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Term
| difference between bacterial and eukaryotic ribosomes |
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Definition
| eukaryotic ribosomes are larger |
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Term
| difference in initiator tRNA between bacteria and eukaryotes |
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Definition
-the initiator in bacteria is N-formylmethionine
-the initiator in eukaryotes is methionine |
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Term
| the initiating amino acid in bacteria |
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Definition
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Term
| the initiating amino acid in eukaryotes |
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Definition
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Term
| the initiating codon in eukaryotes |
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Definition
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Term
| initiation in eukaryotes begins with... |
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Definition
| the formation of the ternary complex consisting of the 40S ribosome and Met-tRNAi in association with eIF-2 |
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Term
| why a bacterial mRNA can serve as the template for the synthesis of several proteins |
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Definition
| because it can have multiple Shine-Dalgarno sequences, thus multiple start sites, making it able to serve as the template for multiple proteins |
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Term
| part of the reason the initiation mechanisms between bacteria and eukaryotes are different |
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Definition
| difference in RNA processing |
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Term
| depiction of eukaryotic translation initiation |
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Definition
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Term
| the shape of eukaryotic mRNA |
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Definition
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Term
| depiction of how protein interactions circularize eukaryotic mRNA |
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Definition
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Term
| how the translation machinery is organized in higher eukaryotes |
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Definition
| organized into large complexes associated with the cytoskeleton |
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Term
| some antibiotic inhibitors of protein synthesis |
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Definition
-streptomycin and other aminoglycosides
-tetracycline
-chloramphenicol
-cycloheximide
-erythromycin
-puromycin |
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Term
| table of antibiotic inhibitors of protein synthesis |
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Definition
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Term
| depiction of the antibiotic action of puromycin |
|
Definition
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