Term
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Definition
| C6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6CO2; ∆G* = -2823 |
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Term
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Definition
Glycolysis:
-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydroenase
-pyruvate dehydrogenase
KREBS:
-Isocitrate dehydrogenase
-α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex
-malate dehydrogenase |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
located on the outer membrane of the mitochondria.
protein that forms non-specific pores that permit free diffusion of up to 10-kd molecules |
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Term
| Inner Mitochondrial Membrane |
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Definition
-controls the passage of metabolites and ions
-freely permeable to O2
-creates 1. generation of Ionic gradients across this barrier, which results in 2. compartmentalization of metabolic functions between cytosol and mitochondria |
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Term
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Definition
| Form microcompartments that restrict the diffusion of substrates and ions between the intercristal and intermembrane spaces. |
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Term
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Definition
-located in the inner mitochondrial membrane
-electorgenic antiport
-has two conformation: facing in and facing out
-exchanges ADP^(3-) for ATP^(4-) |
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Term
| Inhibitors of ADP-ATP translocator |
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Definition
| Atractyloside, Carboxyatractyloside, Bangkrekic acid |
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Term
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Definition
(phosphate carrier)
-eclectroneutral P¡-H+ symport
-driven by ∆pH (pH higher, [H+] lower inside) |
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Term
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Definition
-Acts as a second messenger, so it must be precisely controlled.
-can be stored in Mito, ER, and extracellular places |
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Term
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Definition
-INFLUX: is driven by the membrane potential (∆ψ, inside negative). Depends on external [Ca2+]
-EFFLUX: indirectly controlled by the Na+ gradient across the inner mitochondrial Membrane. (Ca2+ exits only in exchange for Na+) |
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Term
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Definition
-controlled by [Ca2+]
-cytosolic Ca2+ increases caused by muscle activity
-matrix levels increase
-activates the enzymes in KREBS
-increases [NADH]
-which is reoxidized by oxidative phosphorylation
-generates ATP for increased muscle activity |
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Term
| Flavoprotein Dehydrogenase |
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Definition
On the inner mitochondrial membrane's outer surface.
-supplies electrons to the electron transport chain |
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Term
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Definition
->series of four protein complexes
-electrons pass from lower to higher standard reduction potentials. |
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Term
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Definition
| carries electrons from complexes I and II to compolex III |
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Term
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Definition
-Carries electrons from Complex III to Complex IV
-peripheral membrane protein bound to outer surface of the inner mitochondrial membrane.
-it's binding sites contains several invariant Lys residues that lie in a ring around the exposed edge of its otherwise buried heme group.
-act in the opposite ways of enzymes |
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Term
| Inhibitors of Electron Transport Chain |
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Definition
| Rotenone, AMytal, Antimycin, Cyanide |
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Term
| Important Substrates of Electron Transport Chain |
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Definition
| TMPD (oxidized), TMPD (reduced), Dehydroascorbic acid, Ascorbic Acid. |
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Term
| Complex I (NADH Dehydrogenase) |
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Definition
-passes electrons from NADH to CoQ
-contains one molecule of FMN
-contains 6-7 Fe-S clusters |
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Term
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Definition
-each Fe group is attached to four Sulfur gorups and some with Cys or His groups.
-Four Types:
[Fe-S]
[4Fe-4S]
[4Fe-3S]
[2Fe-2S] |
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Term
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Definition
| [2Fe-2Fs] cluster is coordinated by two HIs rather than Cys. |
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Term
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Definition
| two [4Fe-4S] clusters contain one Fe(II) and three Fe(III) in oxidzed, but two Fe(II) and two Fe(III) in reduced |
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Term
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Definition
-have hydrophobic tails that mediates membrane solubility.
-can adopt 3 oxidation states
-provide a conduit btwn the two-electron donor NADH and the one-electron acceptors, the cytochromes. |
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Term
| Complex II (Succinate: Coenzyme Q oxidoreductase) |
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Definition
-contains succinate dehydrogenase and three other subunits
-passes electrons from succinate to CoQ
-is covalently bound to FAD, 3 Fe-S clusters, and one cytochrome b560 |
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Term
| Complex III (Succinate: CoQ oxidoreductase) |
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Definition
-passes electrons from reduced CoQ to cytrochrome C
-contains four redox cofactors:
- two b-type hemes
-one c-type heme
- one [2Fe-2S] cluster |
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Term
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Definition
-heme proteins that transport electrons
-redox-active
-transfer electrons through sigma bonds at significant rates.
can be easily and specifically detected.
-Three types:
a, b, c |
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Term
| Complex IV (CytC oxidase) |
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Definition
-terminal enxyzme of the electron transport chain
-catalyzes the one-electron oxidarins of four consecutive reduced cytochrome c molecules and the concomitant four-electron reduction of one O2 molecule to yield H2O. |
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