Term
| Characteristics of membranes |
|
Definition
| semi fluid mosaic, semi permeable, asymmetric |
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|
Term
| What forces are associated with membranes |
|
Definition
| van der waals, electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonds |
|
|
Term
| What are 2 protein motifs in integral proteins |
|
Definition
| alpha helics, beta sheets, alpha more common, nonpolar inside, polar outside |
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|
Term
| What are the major processes that require energy |
|
Definition
| Mechanical, active transport, biomolecule synthesis |
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|
Term
Anabolic Pathway
Catabolic Pathway |
|
Definition
building, require energy
break down, create energy |
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|
Term
| From glycolysis and krebs cycle, what are the electron carriers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Free energy change from ATP to AMP
ATp to ADP |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Typical Concentration of ATP in resting cell |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the more efficient energy source |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Krebs cycle electron transport chain |
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|
Term
| What are the six types of chemical reactions |
|
Definition
| oxidation/reduction, isomerization, group transfer, ligations (req atp), dehydration, addition/removal of functional groups |
|
|
Term
| An example of isomerization |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Example of oxidation/reduction in krebs |
|
Definition
| succinate to fumarate, in process we make FADH2 |
|
|
Term
| Purpose of phosphorylated glucose in cytosol |
|
Definition
| to trap it in the membrane, and to activate it |
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|
Term
| In second part of glycolysis, 1,6-biphosphate, what are the two molecules it is cleaved into? |
|
Definition
| dihydroxyacetone, glyceraldehyde |
|
|
Term
| What does glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase do |
|
Definition
| makes NAD+ in NADH, forms acyl phosphate |
|
|
Term
| What are the three molecules pyruvate can be made into after glycolysis |
|
Definition
| Ethanol, Acetyl CoA, Lactate |
|
|
Term
| 3 ways glycolytic enzymes are regulated |
|
Definition
| transcriptional control, reversible phosphorylation, allosteric control |
|
|
Term
| Different names for krebs cycle |
|
Definition
| citrtic acid cycle, tricarboxylic acid cycle |
|
|
Term
| Molecule that starts/enters krebs cycle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| conversion of citrate to isocitrate is what reaction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In which step of krebs cycle is FADH2 formed |
|
Definition
| when succinate turns to fumarate |
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 points in TCA that FADH is created, what enzymes are involved there |
|
Definition
| isocitrate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, alpha ketoglutarate, dehydrogenase complex |
|
|
Term
| In one turn of TCA, how many equivalents of ATP are made? |
|
Definition
3NADH = 2.5 ATP --> 7.5 ATP
1 FADH2 = 1.5 ATP --> 1.5
1 GTP --> 1 ATP |
|
|
Term
| What enzymes are key regulatory sites in krebs |
|
Definition
| isocitrate dehydrogenase, alpha ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, citrate synthase |
|
|
Term
| What type of gradient is formed in ETC |
|
Definition
| electrochemical, proton gradient |
|
|
Term
| Electron flow in ETC leads to? |
|
Definition
| transport of proteins across inner mitochondrial membrane |
|
|
Term
| What are some other processes that are governed by proton gradients |
|
Definition
| heat production, flagellar rotation, active transport |
|
|
Term
| What activated carriers contain adosine phosphate lunex |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What parts of metablism pathway are aerobic? Anaerobic? |
|
Definition
| aerobic = TCA Anaerobic = glycolysis |
|
|
Term
| What is oxidated and what is reduced |
|
Definition
| FAD is oxidated, FADH2 is reduced |
|
|
Term
| What is another name for coenzyme q |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Out of the 5 complexes in ETC which does not pump protons? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which complex do not shuttle Electrons? |
|
Definition
| None of the complexes shuttle electrons |
|
|
Term
| What is the net ATP for glycolysis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the net estimate of ATP made by oxidation of glucose? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Formation of citrate is what type of reaction |
|
Definition
| condensation and hydrolysis reaction |
|
|
Term
| What enzyme forms pyruvate in acetyl coA |
|
Definition
| pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, very regulated |
|
|
Term
| What enzyme converts acetyl CoA so it can go into krebs cycle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 3 carbon molecules from furctose 1,6- biphosphate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (acetyl CoA) aerobic, (lactic acid, ethanol) anaerobic, TCA cycle |
|
|
Term
| What kind of Reaction conversion citrate to isocitrate |
|
Definition
| isomerization, reaction type generates ATP or GTP? |
|
|
Term
| FADH2 formed at which step in citric cycle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 1 turn citric acid cycle generates how much ATP |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name of protein complexes that transfer NADH to O2 (name of quinones?) |
|
Definition
| cytochrome C, co enzyme Q, 2 doesnt pump only 1,3,4 |
|
|
Term
| Gradient that generates ATP |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is alternate name for coenzyme Q |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What other process is involved in proton gradient |
|
Definition
| heat production, flagellar rotation, active transport |
|
|
Term
| Key enzymes that regulate citric acid cycle? |
|
Definition
| alphaketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex, malate dehydrogenase, pyruvate dehydrogenase complex |
|
|
Term
| regulation of glycolysis pathway |
|
Definition
| allosteric, negative feedback, transcription |
|
|
Term
| What molecules have higher electrochemical potential than ATP? |
|
Definition
| phosphoenolpyruvate, 1,3-biphosphoglycerate, creatine phosphate |
|
|
Term
| Are lipids hydrophobic/phillic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most common motif that spans membrane |
|
Definition
| alpha helices - nonpolar, bacteriorhodopsin |
|
|
Term
| What active carriers contain adeno phosphate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Enzyme used to generate acetyl CoA |
|
Definition
| pyruvate dehydrogenase complex |
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