1. Where is insulin produced
2. Where is glucagon produced
3. Relationship between Insulin and Glucagon

1. Beta cells of pancreas
2. Alpha cells of pancreas
3. They are counter regulatory- the effect of one hormone counteracts the other (and vise versa)

1. Insulin: anabolic or catabolic and signals which state
2. What dictates Insulin levels
3. Glucagon: anabolic or catabolic and signals which state
4. What dictates Glucagon levels
5. Where does Glucagon act

1. Anabolic. Signals fed state
2. Blood Glucose (& autonomic NS)
3. Catabolic. Signals fasted state
4. Absense of Glucose and Insulin
5. On liver and adipose tissue. Not on muscle

1. What does Insulin Increase
2. What does Insulin Decrease
3. Glucokinase and hexokinase found where

1. Increases
   1. Glycogen
   2. TGs stored as adipose
   3. Protein synthesis
2. Decreases
   1. Fuel mobilization
3.  
   1. Glucokinase found in Liver and Pancreas- low affinity for glucose.
   2. Hexokinase found in ALL other tissues- high affinity for glucose

1. How is insulin gotten rid of

1. Glucose levels fall
2. Insulin removed by Liver (and kidney and skeletal muscle)

1. What does Glucagon Increase

1. Release of Glucose from glycogen
2. Gluconeogenesis (from lactate, glycerol, & AAs)
3. Mobilizes FA out of Adipose Tissue

cAMP directed phosphorylation cascade

1. G-protein (receptor) activates
2. Adenylate Cyclase, which produces
3. cAMP, which activates
4. Protein Kinase A, which activates
5. PKA, which phosphorylates
6. Target Proteins