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| the high degree of order within an organism's internal and external parts and its interactions with the living world |
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| the smallest unit that can perform all life's processes |
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| made up of multiple cells |
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| structures that carry out specialized jobs within an organ system |
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| groups of cells that have similar abilities and that allow the organ to function |
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| tiny structures that carry out functions necessary for the cell to stay alive |
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| the chemical compounds that provide physical structure and that bring about movement, energy use, and other cellular functions |
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| the maintenance of a stable level of internal conditions even though environmental conditions are constantly changing |
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| the sum of all the chemical reactions that take in and transform energy and materials from the environment |
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| the formation of two new cells from an existing cell |
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| the process by which an organism becomes a mature adult |
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| the process by which organisms produce new organisms like themselves |
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| (deoxyribonucleic acid), a large molecule where hereditary information is encoded |
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| a short segment of DNA that contains the instructions for a single trait of an organism |
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| the three major subdivisions of all organisms in the "tree of life" |
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| the six major categories in a system of grouping organisms |
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| the branch of biology that studies organisms interacting with each other and with the environment |
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| communities of living species and their physical environments |
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| descent with modification; the process in which the inherited characteristics within populations change over generations, such that genetically distinct populations and new species can develop |
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| the theory that organisms that have certain favorable traits are better able to survive and reproduce successfully than organisms that lack these traits |
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| traits that improve an individual's ability to survive and reproduce |
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| an organized approach scientists use to learn how the natural world works. (Steps: 1.Observation 2.Hypothesis 3.Prediction 4.Experiment 5.Draw Conclusions 6.Communicate) |
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| the act of perceiving a natural occurrence that causes someone to pose a question |
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| a proposed explanation for the way a particular aspect of the natural world functions |
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| a statement that forecasts what would happen in a test situation if the hypothesis were true |
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| a procedure used to test a hypothesis and its predictions |
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| the group in an experiment that provides a normal standard against which the biologist can compare results of the experimental group |
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| a group that is identical to the control group except for one factor |
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| the factor that is deliberately manipulated (also called manipulated variable) |
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| the factor that changes as a result of manipulation of one or more other factors (also called responding variable) |
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| an explanation for some phenomenon that is supported by a large amount of evidence |
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| scientists who are experts in that field anonymously read and critique a research paper |
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| Compound Light Microscope |
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| a microscope that shine light through a specimen and has two lenses to magnify an image[image] |
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| magnifies the image, usually 10 times (also called the ocular lens) |
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| enlarges the image of the specimen & is located directly above the specimen |
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| a platform that supports a slide holding a specimen |
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| a light bulb that provides light for viewing the image |
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| Increase of an object's apparent size |
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| the structure that holds the set of objective lens |
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| the power to show details clearly in an image |
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| Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) |
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| a microscope that passes a beam of electrons over the specimen's surface |
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| Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) |
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| a microscope that transmits a beam of electrons through a very thinly sliced specimen |
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| decimal system based on powers of 10 |
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| the 7 fundamental units of the SI system |
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| anything that occupies space and has mass |
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| the quantity of matter an object has |
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| substances that cannot be broken down chemically |
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| the simplest particle of an element that retains all the properties of that element |
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| Muh-bel (NOT MAY-BEL) Cortes |
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| central region of an atom, consisting of protons & neutrons |
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| the number of protons in an atom of a certain element |
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| total number of protons and neutrons in an atom |
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| negatively charged particles |
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| three-dimensional region around the nucleus (probable location of electrons) |
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| atoms of the same element that have a different number of neutrons |
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| made up of atoms of two or more elements in fixed proportions |
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| attractive forces that hold atoms together |
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| Sharing of one or more pairs of electrons |
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| the simplest part of a substance that retains all of the properties of that substance and can exist in a free state |
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| an atom or molecule with an electrical charge |
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| the attractive force between oppositely charged ions, which form when electrons are transferred from one atom to another |
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| process by which one or more substances change to produce one or more different substances |
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substances or molecules that are on the left side of the equation
(Ex: CO2+H2O→H2CO2, CO2 & H2O are the reactants) |
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shown on the right side of the equation
(Ex: CO2+H2O→H2CO2, H2CO2 is the product) |
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| all the chemical reactions that occur in an organism |
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| the amount of energy needed to start a reaction |
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| chemical substances that reduce the amount of activation energy needed to start a reaction |
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| a protein or RNA molecule that speeds up metabolic reactions without being permanently changed or destroyed |
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| (Oxidation Reduction Reaction) reactions in which electrons are transferred between atoms |
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| a reactant loses one or more electrons, giving it a positive charge |
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| a reactant gains one or more electrons, giving it a negative charge |
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| uneven distribution of charge |
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| the force of attraction between a hydrogen molecule with partial or full positive charge and another atom with partial or full negative charge |
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| attractive force that holds molecules of the same substance together |
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| attractive force that holds molecules of two different substances together |
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| attractive force between molecules that results in the rise of the surface of a liquid when in contact with a solid |
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| a mixture in which one or more substances are uniformly distributed in another substance |
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| substance dissolved into a solvent |
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| substance in which the solute is dissolved |
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| amount of solute dissolved in a fixed amount of solution |
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| solution in which no more solute can dissolve |
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| solution in which water is the solvent |
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| H3O+ ion, a proton combined with a water molecule |
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| # of hydronium ions is greater than the # of hydroxide ions in |
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| a solution that contains more hydroxide ions than hydronium ions |
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| scale that compares relative concentrations of hydronium and hydroxide ions in a solution |
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| chemical substances that neutralize small amounts of either an acid or a base added to a solution |
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| compounds made primarily of carbon atoms |
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