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BIOC33
BIOC33
33
Biology
Undergraduate 3
04/09/2015

Additional Biology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

L9: Lung anatomy

What is the major respiratory muscle in humans

Definition
diaphgram
Term

What is wrong in this air pathway?

Mouth

Nasal cavity

Pharynx

Larynx

Trachea

Bronchi

Respiratory bronchioles

Terminal Bronchi

Alveolar Sacs

Definition

Mouth

Nasal cavity

Pharynx

Larynx

Trachea

Bronchi

Respiratory bronchioles belongs after Terminal Bronchi

Terminal Bronchi

Alveolar Sacs


L9 P3

Term
What is airway patency
Definition

rigidity of trachea

L9 P2

Term
How does apnea relate to upper airway muscles?
Definition

upper airway muscles, when relaxed, create apnea

 

apnea is a lack of airway patency

Term
What are the parts of the "conducting zone"
Definition

Everything from the trachea down to the terminal bronchioles

 

1) trachea

2) bronchi

3) terminal bronchi

 

 

only 3 bitch memorize it

L9 P2

 

Term
What are the parts of the "respiratory zone"
Definition

respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveoli 

 

 

3 parts as well as conducting zone

L9 P4

Term

wtf is

Conducting zone

Definition
area of no gas exchange
Term
what is respiratory zone?
Definition
involved in gas exchange
Term
is conducting zone the same as anatomical dead space?
Definition
yes
Term
Wtf is the point of anatomical deadspace / conducting zone if it doesnt help with respiration?
Definition

warms, humidifies during inhalation

conserves water during exhalation

 

L9 P3

Term

What muscle does the phrenic nerve control?

 

Clue: for inspiration

Definition

Diaphragm

 

located on the 4th cervical vertebrae

 

fun factz:

thus if theres a spinal injury between neck-diaphragm breathing isnt compromised

Term

During inspiration

What muscles help?

 

[2]

Definition

[1]diaphgram(obviously)

 

[2] external intercostal muscles contract

(allowing ribs to move upwards and outwards)

Term

Usually expiration is passive, because muscles just relax to original positions.

 

But, expiration muscles become active during excercise

What are these muscles? 

 

 

Definition

internal intercostal muscles

abdominal muscles

 

both compress the chest to move air out the lungs

 

L9 P6

Term
What good is spirometry for?
Definition

measures breathing

 

 

can be used to detect healthy/restrictive lungs

Term

The pleura sac consists of two pleura membranes,

visceral and parietal.

 

Difference between 

visceral pleura and parietal pleura?

Definition

visceral covers exterior of the lungs

 

parietal coats inner chest wall

 

 

ez 2 remember because

>parietal closer to the heart

>parents close to the heart

Term

Wtf is this disorder called

pleurisy

 

Hint:

I'm sure it relates to the pleura

Definition

When visceral (pleura membrane covering lungs) rubs onto the parietal (pleura membrane covering inner chest wall)



> loss of interpleural fluid


L9 P7

Term

What types of pressure are found in the lungs?

 

[3]

Definition

atmospheric

inter-alveolar

interpleural

Term

What has greater pressure

 

Atmospheric pressure or interpleural pressure?

Definition

Atmospheric > Interpleural

 

check the stats:

760 mmHg > 756 mmhG

 

Interpleural always lower than atmospheric and inter-alveolar pressure

 

Dont believe me? L9 P7

Term

During exhalation

a) inter-alveolar pressure > atmospheric pressure

or

b) inter-alveolar pressure < atmospheric pressure

Definition

Air has to move high to low

so during exhalation

from inter-alveolar pressure to atmospheric

 

a) inter-alveolar pressure > atmospheric

 

 

 

Term
What is transpulmonary pressure?
Definition

interalveolar pressure - interpleural pressure = transpulmonary pressure

 

This is the driving force for lung expansion

Term

Lung condition called 

 

Pneumothorax


What is it

Definition
air leaks into chest wall
Term

lung condition called 

haemothorax

 

what is it?

Definition

hae = blood

blood enters pleural space

Term

Lung condition called

Pleural effusion

What is it

Definition

accumulation of fluid within the lungs

either in pleural space or alveoli

Term

Lung condition called

Asbestosis

What is it?

Definition
Asbestos inhalation inflames lungs and causes pleural plaques that restricts breathing
Term

Air flow equation

 

L10 P1

Definition

Airflow = atmospheric pressure - interalveolar pressure / reistance

 

 

L10 P1

Term

During inhalation

P alveolar < P atmospheric

 

 

y/n

Definition
yes
Term

True or False

 

GFR can increase be regulated by changes on the proximal tubule

Definition

False

 

Term

3 ways GFR can be regulated

 

Hint: M, M, M

Definition

Myogenic regulation

 

Macula densa cells

 

Mesangia cells

 

 

Term

During the regulation of GFR

Myogenic regulation happens where?

Definition

Smooth muscles around afferent glomerular arteriole

 

vasoconstricts during increase of blood pressure 

decreasing GFR by providing resistance to flow

Term

Macula densa cells help with GFR

 

Where are they found

Definition
Distal tubule close to glomerulus
Term
Mesangia cells help GFR how?
Definition
mesangia cells will "spread out" covering filtration slits
Term
Hypernatraemia and hyponatraemia are typed of what kind of abnormal solute in the plasma?
Definition
Sodium
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