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BIOC1420
Paul Briggs class
32
Biochemistry
Undergraduate 1
04/08/2014

Additional Biochemistry Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Certain amino acids are nutritionally essential, and so are vitamins. In what way(s) do they differ?
Definition
The amino acids are chemically similar to each other; the vitamins are chemically diverse. Amino acids are organic compounds; vitamins are minerals.
Term
Which of the following statements describe(s) vitamins?
Definition
Vitamins are essential nutrients
Term
3. A healthy child of seven years is eating a balanced diet that includes adequate amounts of all essential nutrients. It supplies 12 grams of nitrogen per day. How much nitrogen is she excreting per day?
Definition
Less than 12 grams
Term
Negative nitrogen balance
Definition
Can result when the diet is deficient in protein
Term
5. A man of 100 kg wants to lose weight. He therefore starts an exercise program that consumes an additional 90 kcal per day, but does not change his diet. How much weight can he expect to lose in 30 days?
Definition
300g
Term
6. A female student is maintaining a constant weight of 62 kg by eating a diet that supplies 2000 kcal/day. Approximately how much of her energy is devoted to basal metabolic rate (BMR)?
Definition
67% (or 2/3)
Term
We use macronutrient conversion factors (kcal/g) used to calculate energy intake. For carbohydrate, fat, and protein, these are:
Definition
4, 9, 4
Term
What essential nutrient is given to chronic alcoholics intravenously in the event the patient requires emergency medical care due to malnutrition?
Definition
Thiamine
Term
Solutions to be infused for total parenteral nutrition (TPN) contain
Definition
Glucose and proteins
Term
In what way(s) does a solution for total parenteral nutrition (TPN) differ from one for naso-gastric feeding (fats=emulsified fatty acids)?
Definition
TPN solutions contain amino acids, naso-gastric solutions contain proteins.
Term
Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins do all amino acids have similar structure?
Definition
yes
Term
Do all amino acids have a charged R-group?
Definition
No
Term
Are all amino acids joined by disulfide bridges?
Definition
no
Term
When a protein is denatured
Definition
Its biological activity is lost
Term
Which of the following aspects of protein structure is/are most easily disrupted when a protein is heated in neutral solution?
A. Peptide linkages
B. Disulfide bridges
C. Hydrogen bonds
D. All of A, B, and C
E. None of A, B, and C
Definition
Hydrogen bonds
Term
Which of the following treatments will break disulfide bridges in proteins?
A. Heating at 100 at pH 7
B. Heating at 100 in 6M HCl
C. Incubation with the pancreatic protease, trypsin
D. All of A, B, and C
E. None of A, B, and C
Definition
none
Term
When protein is heated at 100C in neutral solution, the effects is/are
A. Breakage of peptide linkages
B. Loss of nutritional value
C. Loss of biological function (for example, catalysis)
D. All of A, B, and C
E. Only two of A, B, and C
Definition
Loss of biological function (for example, catalysis)
Term
Which of the following statements about normal hemoglobin (hemoglobin A) is/are correct?
A. The hemoglobin molecule consists of four identical subunits
B. When a hemoglobin molecule binds one molecule of oxygen, its affinity for binding more oxygen is decreased
C. The iron of hemoglobin remains in the Fe2+ state in the course of its normal functioning
D. All of A, B and C are correct
E. Only two of A, B and C are correct
Definition
The iron of hemoglobin remains in the Fe2+ state in the course of its normal functioning
Term
The binding of oxygen to hemoglobin is described as cooperative. This means that
A. The affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen becomes greater as the pH is lowered
B. The shape of the oxygen dissociation curve of hemoglobin is sigmoid
C. In the presence of 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate, the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen is increased
D. Hemoglobin becomes a weaker acid when it is oxygenated
E. Hemoglobin is an effective buffer, participating in the control of the pH of body fluids
Definition
The shape of the oxygen dissociation curve of hemoglobin is sigmoid
Term
Which of the following statements about hemoglobin is/are correct?
A. Oxygenated hemoglobin is a stronger acid than deoxygenated hemoglobin
B. As pH is lowered, the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen becomes less
C. Each molecule of hemoglobin can combine with four molecules of oxygen
D. All of A, B and C are correct
E. Only two of A, B and C are correct
Definition
all!
Term
What does the right shift in the hemoglobin oxygen dissociation curve signify?
Definition
Improved oxygen delivery to tissues
Term
Hemoglobin A1C is the product of the non-catalyzed reaction of hemoglobin with glucose. Under what circumstances will the proportion of hemoglobin A1C be higher than normal?
Definition
In a diabetic patient with poor control of blood glucose
Term
Hepatitis B vaccine
A. Can prevent a person from contracting hepatitis B, but not hepatitis A
B. Consists of immunoglobulin G (IgG)
C. Both A and B
D. Neither A nor B
Definition
Term
Hepatitis B vaccine
A. Can prevent a person from contracting hepatitis B, but not hepatitis A
B. Consists of immunoglobulin G (IgG)
C. Both A and B
D. Neither A nor B
Definition
Can prevent a person from contracting hepatitis B, but not hepatitis A
Term
Which of the following information transfer processes has never been observed?
A. DNA → RNA
B. RNA → DNA
C. RNA → RNA
D. Protein → RNA
E. All of the above processes have been shown to occur
Definition
RNA → DNA
Term
In what way(s) do/does a monoclonal antibody differ from a polyclonal antibody?
A. A monoclonal antibody consists of gamma globulin only; a polyclonal antibody consists of several different kinds of globulins
B. A monoclonal antibody is produced in response to the injection of a single antigen; a polyclonal antibody is produced when several antigens are injected
C. A monoclonal antibody interacts with a single epitope; a polyclonal antibody interacts with several different epitopes
D. All of A, B and C are correct
E. Only two of A, B and C are correct
Definition
C. A monoclonal antibody interacts with a single epitope; a polyclonal antibody interacts with several different epitopes
Term
Which of the following treatments can break peptide bonds in a protein?
A. Incubating with digestive enzymes
B. Heating at 110o in 6M hydrochloric acid
C. Exposure to a strong reducing agent such as thioglycolate
D. All of A, B and C
E. Only two of A, B and C
Definition
Only two of A, B and C
Term
Dietary lack of Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) results in impaired synthesis of
A. Collagen
B. Elastin
C. Keratin
D. DNA
E. RNA
Definition
Collagen
Term
Match the descriptions to the names of the proteins: Collagen
Definition
Synthesis of this protein is impaired in people with vitamin C (ascorbic acid) deficiency
Term
Match the descriptions to the names of the proteins: Keratin
Definition
The shape of the molecules of this protein iymines spherical
Term
Although all our cells contain the same DNA sequences, the kinds of proteins made differ from one kind of cell to another. These differences result from the fact that
A. All of the DNA is transcribed in every cell, but some of the transcripts are selectively destroyed
B. All of the DNA is transcribed in every cell, but only some of the transcripts are translated
C. Only some of the DNA is transcribed in each cell
D. All of the DNA is transcribed, and all of the transcripts are translated in every cell, but some of the translation products are selectively destroyed
E. All of the factors described in A, B, C and D operate
Definition
D. All of the DNA is transcribed, and all of the transcripts are translated in every cell, but some of the translation products are selectively destroyed
Term
Which of the following substances is/are a constituent of DNA?
A. Thymine
B. Adenine
C. Cytosine
D. All of A, B and C
E. Only two of A, B and C
Definition
Th
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