Term
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Definition
| an early pre-australopithecine species from the late Miocene to the early Pliocene; shows evidence of a perihoning complex, a primitive trait intermediate between apes and modern humans |
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Term
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Definition
| a later pre-australopithecine species from the late Miocene to the early Pliocene; shows evidence of both bipedalism and arboreal activity but no indication of the primitive perihoning complex |
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Term
| Australopithecus aethiopicus |
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Definition
| an earl robust australopithecine from East Africa, with the hallmark physical traits of large teeth, large face, and massive muscle attachments on the cranium |
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Term
| Australopithecus afarensis |
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Definition
| an early australopithecine from East Africa that had a brain size equivalent to a modern chimpanzee's and is thought to be a direct human ancestor |
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Term
| Australopithecus anamensis |
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Definition
| the oldest species of australopithecine from East Africa and a likely ancestor to A. afarensis |
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Term
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Definition
| formerly known as Zinjanthropus boisei; a later robust australopithecine from East Africa that was contemporaneous with A. robustus and A. africanus and had the robust cranial traits, including large teeth, large face, and heavy muscle attachments |
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Term
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Definition
| a late australopithecine from East Africa that was contemporaneous from A. africanus and A. aethiopicus and was the likely ancestor to the Homo lineage |
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Term
| Australopithecus platyops |
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Definition
| an australopithecine from East Africa that had a unique flat face and was contemporaneous with A. afarensis |
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Term
| Australopithecus robustus |
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Definition
| a robust autralopithecine from South Africa that may have descended from A. afarensis, was contemporaneous with A. boisei, and had the robust cranial traits of large teeth, large face, and heavy muscle attachments |
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Term
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Definition
| a late species of australopithecine from South Africa that may have descended from A. africanus, was a contemporary of A. robustus, and expresses anatomical features found in Australopithecus and in Homo |
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Term
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Definition
| the species name given to the cranium and mandible in the Piltdown hoax |
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Term
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Definition
| the earliest Homo species, a possible descendant of A. garbi and an ancestor to H. erectus; showed the first substantial increase in brain size and was the first species definitively associated with the production and use of stone tools |
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Term
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Definition
| the oldest part of the period during which the first stone tools were created and used, beginning with the Oldowan Complex |
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Term
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Definition
| one of the most significant fossils; the 40% complete skeleton of an adult female A. afarensis, found in East Africa |
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Term
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Definition
| the stone tool culture associated with H. habilis and, possibly, A. garhi, including primitive chopper tools |
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Term
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Definition
| a pre-australopithecine species found in East Africa that displayed some of the earliest evidence of bipedalism |
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Term
| Sahelanthropus tchadensis |
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Definition
| the earliest pre-australopithecine species found in central Africa with possible evidence of bipedalism |
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