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BIO
Chapter 1
58
Biology
Undergraduate 1
09/13/2015

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Term
Biology
Definition
Scientific study of life
Term
Cell
Definition
smallest unit of life
Term
Atoms
Definition
Fundamental building blocks of all substances (matter-living and non living things are made of atoms)
Term
Molecules
Definition
consisting of two or more atoms
Term
Tissue
Definition
specialized cells organized to perform a collective function
Term
Organ
Definition
structual unit of interacting tissues
Term
Organ System
Definition
a set of interacting organs
Term
Multicelled organism
Definition
individual consisting of one or more cells
Term
Population
Definition
individuals of the same species in the same area
Term
Community
Definition
populations of all species in the same area
Term
Ecosystem
Definition
a community and its environment
Term
Biosphere
Definition
all regions of the Earth where organisms live
Term
Energy
Definition
ability to do work
Term
Metabolism
Definition
chemical reactions that occur in a cell
Term
Photosynthesis
Definition
process that converts solar energy into the chemical energy of carbohydrates
Term
Nutrients
Definition
atoms or molecules essential in growth and survival that an organism cannot make for itself
Term
Producers
Definition

acquire energy and raw materials from the environment 

Make their own food 

Term
Consumers
Definition

cant make their own food 

get energy by eating producers and other organisms

Term
Homeostasis
Definition
maintenance of internal conditions within certain boundaries
Term
Genes
Definition
when organisms reproduce, they pass on copies of their genetic information genes to the next generation
Term
DNA
Definition

Deoxyribonucleic acid 

Carries hereditary information that guides development and functioning

Term
Development
Definition
multistep process by which the first cell of a new individual becomes a multicelled adult (embryonic state -> maturity)
Term
Growth
Definition
increase in the number, size and volume of cells
Term
Reproduction
Definition
various processes by which individuals produce offspring
Term
Inheritance
Definition
transmission of DNA to offspring
Term
biodiversity
Definition
scope of variation among living organisms
Term
Nucleus
Definition
a sac with two membranes that encloses and protects a cells DNA
Term
Taxonomy
Definition
branch of biology that identifies, names, and classifies organisms
Term
systematics
Definition
study of evolutionary relationships between organisms
Term
The 3 domain System
Definition

Bacteria- unicelluar prokaryote (no nucleus)

Archaea- (differ. evolutionary history than bacteria) unicelluar prokaryote

Eukarya- unicelluar to multicelluar eukaryotes (have a nucleus)

Term
Bacteria
Definition
most diverse and well known group of single celled organisms that lack a nucleus
Term
Archaea
Definition
single celled organisms that lack a nucleus but are more closely related to eukaryotes than to bacteria
Term
Eukaryotes (domain)
Definition
organisms whose DNA is contained within a nucleus
Term
Protists
Definition
simplest eukaryotes
Term
Fungi
Definition
most multi celled eukaryotes such as mushrooms
Term
Plants
Definition
multi celled eukaryotes that live on land or in freshwater environments
Term
Animals
Definition
multi celled consumers that ingest tissues or juices of other organisms
Term
Taxon
Definition
group of organisms that share a unique set of features
Term
Critical thinking
Definition
the deliberate process of judging the quality of information before accepting it
Term
Science
Definition
systematic study if the observable world and how it works
Term
Inductive reasoning
Definition
deriving a general statement from specific observation to form hypothesis
Term
Hypothesis
Definition
testable explanation
Term
deductive reasoning
Definition
inferences are made about specific consequences
Term
prediction
Definition
what might occur if the hypothesis is correct
Term
Experiments
Definition
tests designed to support or falsify a prediction
Term
Variables
Definition
researchers investigate cause-and-effect relationships by changing or observing
Term
independent variable
Definition
defined or controlled by the person doing the experiment
Term
dependent variable
Definition
observed result that is supposed to be influenced by the independent
Term
experimental group
Definition
whom which the experiments are performed on
Term
control group
Definition
whom which is compared to the experimental group and sometimes on models
Term
data
Definition
conclusions are drawn from experimental results; a hypothesis that is not consistent with data is modified
Term
scientific method
Definition
making, testing, and evaluating hypotheses
Term
sampling error
Definition
difference between results from a subset and results from the whole
Term
probability
Definition

measure, expressed as a percentage, of the chance that a particular outcome will occur

depends on the total number of possible outcomes

Term
Statistically significant
Definition
result that is statistically unlikely to have occurred by chance
Term
Variability
Definition

variation in a set of data is often shown as error bars on a graph

error bars may indicate variation around an average for one sample set, or the difference between two sample sets

Term
scientific theory
Definition
long-standing hypothesis that has not been disproved after many years if rigorous testing
Term
law of nature
Definition
describes a phenomenon that has been observed to occur consistently, but for which we do not have a complete scientific explanation
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