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Definition
| property of a substance that arises from the tendency of its molecules to resist separating from one another |
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| transition of a liquid to a gas |
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| attraction between a covalently bonded hydrogen atom an another atom taking part in a separate covalent bond |
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Definition
| describes a substance that easily dissolves in water |
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| describes a substance that resists dissolving in water |
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| an intermingling of two or more types of molecules |
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Definition
| ionic compound that releases more H+ than OH- when dissolved in water |
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| substance that can dissolve other substances |
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| measure of molecular motion |
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Definition
| decaying organic matter in soil |
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Definition
| process by which water moving through soil removes nutrients from it |
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Definition
| soil with roughly equal amounts of sand, silt, and clay |
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Definition
| mixture of various mineral particles and humus |
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| loss of soil under the force of wind and water |
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| uppermost soil layer; contains the most nutrients for plant growth |
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Definition
| waxy, waterproof band that seals abutting cell walls of root endodermal cells |
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Definition
| fungus-plant root partnership |
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Definition
| conversion of nitrogen gas to ammonia |
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Term
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Definition
| selling's of some plant roots that contain nitrogen-fixing bacteria |
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Term
| (28.4) cohesion-tension theory |
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Definition
| explanation of how water moves through vascular plants: transpiration creates a tension that pulls a cohesive column of water through xylem, from roots to shoots |
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Definition
| evaporation of water from aboveground plant parts |
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| one of a pair of cells that define a stoma across the epidermis of a leaf or stem |
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Term
| (28.6) pressure flow theory |
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Definition
| explanation of how organic compounds move through vascular plants: fluid flow through sieve tubes is driven by a difference in turgor between source and sink regions. |
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Definition
| perforated end wall separating stacked sieve-tube members |
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Definition
| region of a plant where sugars are being used or stored |
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| region of a plant where sugars are being produced |
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| movement of organic compounds through phloem |
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Definition
| nitrogen-conatining compound that is a waste product of amino acid and nucleic acid breakdown |
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| organ of the vertebrae urinary system that filters blood, adjusts its composition, and forms urine. |
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Definition
| main nitrogen-containing compound in urine of mammals |
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Definition
| main nitrogen-containing compound in the urine of insects, as well as birds and other reptiles |
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Term
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Definition
| mix of water and soluble wastes formed and excreted by the vertebrate urinary system |
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Definition
| Cup-shaped portion of the nephron that encloses the glomerulus and receives filtrate from it. |
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Definition
| portion of kidney tubule that delivers filtrate to a collecting tubule |
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Definition
| ball of capillaries enclosed by bowman's capsule |
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Definition
| U-shaped portion of a kidney tubule; it extends deep into the renal medulla |
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Term
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Definition
| kidney tubule and glomerular capillaries; filters blood and forms urine |
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Term
| (40.3) peritubular capillaries |
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Definition
| capillaries that surround and exchange substances with a kidney tubule |
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Term
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Definition
| portion of kidney tubule that receives filtrate from bowman's capsule |
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Definition
| tube that carries urine from a kidney to the bladder |
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Term
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Definition
| tube through which urine from the bladder flows out of the body |
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Term
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Definition
| hollow, muscular organ that stores urine. |
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Term
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Definition
| kidney tubule that receives filtrate from several nephrons and delivers it to the renal pelvis |
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Term
| (40.4) glomerular filtration |
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Definition
| first step in urine formation: protein-free plasma forced out of glomerular capillaries by blood pressure enters bowman's capsule |
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Term
| (40.4) tubular reabsorption |
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Definition
| substances move from the filtrate inside a kidney tubule into the peritubular capillaries |
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Term
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Definition
| substances move out of peritubular capillaries and into the filtrate in kidney tubules |
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Term
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Definition
| adrenal hormone that makes kidney tubules more permeable to sodium; encourages sodium reabsorption, thus increasing water reabsorption and concentrating the urine |
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Term
| (40.5) antidiuretic hormone (ADH) |
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Definition
| hormone released in the posterior pituitary; makes kidney tubules more permeable to water, encourages water reabsorption, thus concentrating the urine. |
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Term
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Definition
| of heat; the transfer of heat between two objects in contact with one another. |
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Term
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Definition
| transfer of heat by moving molecules of air or water. |
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Term
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Definition
| animal that controls its internal temperature by altering its behavior; for example, a fish or a lizard. |
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Term
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Definition
| animal controls its internal temperature by adjusting its metabolism; for example, a bird or mammal |
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Term
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Definition
| transition of a liquid to a gas |
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Definition
| animal that sometimes maintains its temperatures by producing metabolic heat, and at other times allows its temperature to fluctuate with the environment. |
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Term
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Definition
| emission of heat from an object |
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Term
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Definition
| an animal becomes format during a hot, dry season. |
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Term
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Definition
| an animal becomes formant during a cold season |
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Term
| (40.9) non-shivering heat production |
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Definition
| brown adipose tissue releases energy as heat, rather than storing in an ATP |
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Term
| (40.9) shivering response |
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Definition
| in response to cold, rhythmic muscle contractions generate metabolic heat. |
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