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| The function of this provides a boudary around the cell and acts as a place for chemical reaction to occur |
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| small organs found inside a cell that perform a specific function for the cell |
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| synthesizes proteins (enzymes, hormones, muscle); the surface is studded with ribosomes |
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| synthesizes lipids (such as phospholipids, waxes); it lacks ribosomes on its surface |
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| this is a sac like organelle found in the cytoplasm |
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| This organelle appears to be a stack of flattened pancakes and at the edges are rounded vesicles and vacuoles |
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| modifies, packages, and secrete substances from the cell. Also makes another organelle called the lysosome |
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| these organelles are larger than ribosomes and are found free in the cytoplasm. They are produced by the Golgi |
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| folded outer and inner membrane and often called the powerhouse of the cell because it is the site of cellular respiration in which glucose and oxygen are converted into ATP which is a energy molecule used by your body |
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| composed of tubes of protein called microtubules |
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| believed to be used in mitosis and meiosis in order to help pull the chromosomes apart; form the basal bodies that give rise to cilia and flagella |
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| network of proteins called microtubules and microfilaments for right under the plasma membrane |
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| forms a flexible internal framework for the cell |
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| move in unison to clean the respiratory tract of debris or to move an egg from the fallopian tube to the uterus |
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| modifies, packages, and secretes substances from the cell |
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| recycling center where damaged organelles can be sent |
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| site of cellular respiration where glucose and oxygen are converted to ATP |
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| forms an envelope around the cell; described as "selectively permeable" |
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| synthesises lipids or proteins upon receipt of directions from nucleus |
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| genetic control center of the cell where DNA is housed |
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| contains hydrogen peroxide to detoxify substances such as free radicals |
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| can be found on the endoplasmic reticulum or free in the cytoplasm; produces proteins |
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| can be described as rough or smooth |
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| short hair-like structures that can create a current by beating in unison |
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| long tail-like whip that propels sperm |
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| semi-fluid medium that helps hold the organelles into place |
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| composed of microtubules; help form the bases of cilia and flagella |
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| connected to the nucleus by a network of membranes |
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| composed of 2 layers of lipids embedded with proteins |
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| each phospholipid has __________ and ____________ |
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| 2 water fearing tails (hydrophobic) and 1 water-loving heads (hydrophilic) |
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| how membranes move substances into the cell |
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| substances (solid, liquid, or gas) dissolved by solvents in a solution |
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| substances that dissolve solutes |
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| contain a solvent and a solute |
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| means the movement of the substance across the membrane is passive and no energy is required |
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| what are the 3 types of passive methods |
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| diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion |
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| means that the movement of substance across the membrane is active, and energy or ATP is required |
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| when substances move across the membrane from high to low |
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| examples of diffusable substances |
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| steroids, fats, oxygen, carbon dioxide |
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| the diffusion of water across a membrane through channels called aquaporins |
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| type of selective transport in which specific substances are moved into a cell by means of protein channels |
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| endocytosis and exocytosis |
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| import of large molecules into the cell |
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| "cell eating" in which the cell incorporates large sacs (vacuoles) |
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| "cell drinking" in which the cell incorporates smaller sacs (vesicles) |
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| export of large molecules from a cell |
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| type of passive transport invlolving protein channels |
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| type of transport requiring the use of energy |
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| passive transport type involving movement through the phospholipid bilayer |
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| type of transport requiring the use of a protein pump to move substances agains the concentration gradient |
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| any type of transport in which the substances move with the concentration gradient |
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| movement of large substances with the concentration gradient requires the use of a protein channel |
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| type of transport in which substance is moved against its concentration gradient |
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Definition
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| water always follows which substance during diffusion and osmosis |
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Definition
| salt or the highest solute concentraion |
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| a cell is moving some small molecules with their concentration gradient through the phospholipids. What type of membrane transport is the cell using? |
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| a cell is moving a large sac out by having it fuse with the plasma membrane: then the sac ruptures once outside the cell to release its contents. What type of membrane transport is this? |
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| cells can have 2 sets of chromosomes known as |
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Definition
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| on the other hand, sex cells can have 1 set of chromosomes known as |
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Definition
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| what kinds of cells in our bodies exist in the diploid state? |
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Definition
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| what kinds of cells in our bodies exist in the haploid state? |
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