Term
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Definition
| Exchange nutrients, wastes and gases with their environments. |
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Term
| When do circulatory systems provide transport? |
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Definition
- When diffusion is not sufficient.
- When organisms are greater than a few cells wide. |
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Term
| What are the functions of the circulatory system? |
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Definition
- Transport
- Aid immune system
- Temperature regulation
- Hormone distribution |
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Term
| How do organisms with gastrovascular cavities perform circulation? |
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Definition
| Cellular exchange through diffusion. |
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Term
| What are the taxa with gastrovascular cavities? |
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Definition
| Cnidarians and Platyhelminthes. |
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Term
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Definition
| Blood + interstitial fluid. |
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Term
| How do organisms with open circulatory systems perform circulation? |
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Definition
- Hemolymph is pumped through open-ended vessels and flow among cells.
- Circulation is aided by muscle contractions. |
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Term
| How does fluid return to the heart in open circulatory systems? |
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Definition
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Term
| Do open circulatory systems have backflow due to how fluid returns to the heart through pores? |
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Definition
| No - valves prevent backflow. |
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Term
| _________________________ have _________________ that prevent ______________. |
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Definition
| Open circulatory systems have valves that prevent backflow. |
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Term
| What are the taxa that have open circulatory systems? |
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Definition
| Most molluscs and all arthropods. |
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Term
| What is special about the taxa of open circulatory systems? |
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Definition
| Insect air exchange is not aided by blood. |
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Term
| Insect air exchange is not aided by blood is important to note of what kind of circulatory system? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What taxa have closed circulatory systems? |
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Definition
| Cephalopoda, Annelids and Vertebrates. |
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Term
| What are/is an example of cephalopoda? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is/are an example of annelida? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| With is/are an exmaple of vertebrates? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| How is circulation performed in closed circulatory systems? |
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Definition
| Blood remains in vessels and interstitial fluid surrounds cells. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Between arteries and veins. |
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Term
| Between arteries and veins |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Receives blood from veins. |
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Term
| Receives blood from veins |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Blood pumped through body once. |
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Term
| Blood pumped through body once. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the order of organs in single circulation? |
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Definition
| Heart --> Gills --> Body --> Heart |
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Term
| What are the 2-chambered, Single circulation organisms? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Fish sharks and rays are classified as what in terms of circulation? |
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Definition
| 2-chambered, single circulation organisms. |
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Term
| What are the chambers of fish, sharks and rays? |
|
Definition
| 1 atrium and 1 ventricle. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Blood pumped twice through body. |
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Term
| Blood pumped twice through body |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What are the two "pumping" of double circulation? |
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Definition
- Once to Pulmonary circuit
- Once to Systemic Circuit. |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Rest of body besides the respiratory surface. |
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Term
| Rest of body besides the respiratory surface. |
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Definition
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Term
| In Amphibians, the _____________________ is known as the ____________________. |
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Definition
| In Amphibians, the Pulmonary circuit is known as the Pulmoctaneous circuit. |
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Term
| The Pulmoctaneous circuit applies to... |
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Definition
|
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Term
| How may amphibians and most non-bird reptiles be classified in terms of circulatory system? |
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Definition
| 3-chambered, double circulation. |
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Term
| 3-chambered, double circulation refers to what? |
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Definition
| Amphibians and most non-bird reptiles. |
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Term
| Two chambered, single circulation refers to what? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| When there is only one ventricle... |
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Definition
| there is mixing of high and low O2 |
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Term
| There is mixing of high and low O2 when... |
|
Definition
| there is only one ventricle. |
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Term
| Although amphibians and most non-bird reptiles are 3-chambered... |
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Definition
| Crocodilians are four chambered. |
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Term
| The organisms that only have one ventricle are the _______________________. By consequence... |
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Definition
| The organisms that only have one ventricle are Amphibians and non-bird reptiles. By consequence, there is mixing of high and low O2. |
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Term
| Amphibians are most non-bird reptiles are unique in that... |
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Definition
| they only have one ventricle, so there is mixing of low and high O2. |
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Term
| How may birds and mammals be classified in terms of circulation? |
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Definition
| 4-chambered, double circulation. |
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Term
| 4-chambered, double circulation organisms are the following: |
|
Definition
| birds, mammals and crocodilians. |
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Term
| What are the chambers of amphibians and non-bird reptiles? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What are the chambers of birds and mammals? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| 2 atria, 2 ventricle belong to... |
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Definition
|
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Term
| 2 atria, 1 ventricle belongs to... |
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Definition
| Amphibians and non-bird reptiles. |
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Term
| 1 atria, 1 ventricle belong to... |
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Definition
|
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Term
| The organisms have separated blood? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What circulatory system type has separated blood? |
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Definition
| 4 chambered, double circulation. |
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Term
| Human cardiac cycle lasts how long? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What are the phases of the human cardiac cycle? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
| Atrioventricular (AV) Vales do what? |
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Definition
| Valves prevent backflow from ventricle to atria. |
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|
Term
| Valves prevent backflow fro ventricle to atria? |
|
Definition
| Atrioventricular (AV) Valves |
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Term
|
Definition
| Prevent backflow into ventricles |
|
|
Term
| Prevent backflow into ventricles. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Pacemaker is also known as... |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| SA (Sinoatrial) node is also known as... |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| The two types of valves of the human circulatory system are... |
|
Definition
| Atrioventricular and Semilunar valves. |
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|
Term
| Pacemaker/SA (Sinoatrial) nodes do what? |
|
Definition
| Maintains heart pumping rhythm by generating electrical signals like nerve cells. |
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|
Term
| Where is the Pacemaker/SA (Sinotrial) node located? |
|
Definition
| Located in right wall of atrium. |
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Term
| What allows the pacemaker/SA (Sinoatrial) node's signals to work? |
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Definition
| Gap junctions between cells that enable signals to spread quickly and pump and unison |
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|
Term
| Where is the AV (atrioventricular) node located? |
|
Definition
| In wall between right atrium and right ventricle. |
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Term
| Why is the AV (atrioventricular) node located in the wall between the right atrium and right ventricle? |
|
Definition
| To serve as a relay point for the signal |
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Term
| The AV (atrioventricular) node serves as a relay point for the signal from the pacemaker. What does this do? |
|
Definition
| Delays signal ~.1 seconds to ensure that the atria empties before ventricles contract |
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Term
| What is in the wall between the right atrium and the right ventricle? |
|
Definition
| The AV (atrioventricular) node. |
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|
Term
| What serves as a relay point for the signal of the pacemakers? |
|
Definition
| The AV (atrioventricular) node. |
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Term
| ______________________ relays a signal from ______________ to the ______________________ and _______________________. |
|
Definition
| Cardiac muscle fibers relays signals from AV node to the apex of heart and up through the ventricles |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the wall of the capillaries like? |
|
Definition
| Wall is a single layer of epithelial cells. |
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|
Term
| Wall is a single layer of epithelial cells is true of... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do capillaries perform exchange? |
|
Definition
| Diffusion with interstitial fluid? |
|
|
Term
| Diffusion with interstitial fluid is the exchange method of what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Elastic connective tissue and smooth muscle described the composition of what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Veins and arteries are composed of what? |
|
Definition
| Elastic connective tissue and smooth muscle. |
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Term
| Veins and arteries have smooth muscle. What is the function of this smooth muscle? |
|
Definition
- Helps regulate blood flow
- Nerves/hormones control dialation/constriction. |
|
|
Term
| Helping to regulate blood flow and nerve/hormone controlling dialation/constriction is the function of what? |
|
Definition
| The smooth muscle in veins and arteries. |
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|
Term
| __________ are thicker than ______________ |
|
Definition
| Arteries are thicker than veins. |
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|
Term
| Which is thicker: veins or arteries? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| ___________ have valves to prevent backflow. |
|
Definition
| Veins have valves to prevent backflow. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Force exerted to pump blood. |
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Term
| Force exerted to pump blood. |
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Rhythmic stretching of arteries as ventricles pump. |
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|
Term
| Rhythmic stretching of arteries as ventricles pump. |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Pressure with ventricle contraction |
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|
Term
| Pressure with ventricle contraction |
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Elastic contraction of arteries after ventricle pumping |
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|
Term
| Elastic contraction of arteries after ventricle pumping. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the function of diastolic pressure? |
|
Definition
| Maintains pressure and flow. |
|
|
Term
| What maintains pressure and flow? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Gases, small, non-polar molecules diffuse. |
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Term
| Gases, small, non-polar particles diffuse. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Which molecules can easily pass though in capillary diffusion? |
|
Definition
| Gases, small, non-polar molecules. |
|
|
Term
| Which molecules can pass through with more difficulty in capillary diffusion and how? |
|
Definition
- Larger molecules pass through endocytosis and exocytosis.
- Water, sugar and salt leak through small pores in capillary walls. |
|
|
Term
| Blood pressure results in... |
|
Definition
| Net loss of blood from capillaries. |
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|
Term
| Net loss of blood from capillaries results from... |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the composition of blood? |
|
Definition
| ~55% plasma, ~45% red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. |
|
|
Term
| What is plasma composed of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Red blood cells contain what? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| White blood cells are a part of what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the function of platelets? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Clotting is the function of... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The immune system includes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| O2 is contained within... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Water and materials is the composition of... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the lymphatic system do? |
|
Definition
| Returns fluid to circulatory system |
|
|
Term
| Fluid is returned to the circulatory system by... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Blood is to circulatory system what _________ is to the lymphatic system |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lymph is different from blood in what way? |
|
Definition
| Has interstitial fluid, but less O2 and fewer nutrients. |
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