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Bio
Protists
56
Biology
Undergraduate 1
02/11/2013

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Term
Are most Eukaryotes single-celled or multi-cellular?
Definition
Single-celled.
Term
Another way of saying that most protists are single-celled is to say that they are _______________.
Definition
Uni-cellular.
Term
Protists can be all of the following in terms of cell numbers:
Definition
Unicellular/Single-celled, colonial, or multicellular.
Term
True or false: All protists are single-celled.
Definition
False: Most protists are single celled.
Term
In what kinds of environments to protists live?
Definition
Aquatic or moist environments.
Term
What are the categories that protists fit in terms of how they get their energy?
Definition
Phototrophs, heterotrophs, or mixotrophs.
Term
Mixotrophs
Definition
Combination photoautotroph and heterotroph
Term
Colonial
Definition
A colony of cells that live together, but have the ability to live if separated.
Term
What happened to make protists so diverse?
Definition
Natural selection leading to evolution was repeated in highly variable environments over one billion years, aided by endosymbiosis and countless extinctions.
Term
Protists are a branch within the taxonomic category of ______________ and reside within the ______________ Eukarya.
Definition
Kingdom, Domain.
Term
Endosymbiosis
Definition
Symbiotic organisms live inside one another after being engulfed.
Term
What are the factors that contribute to Protist Diversity?
Definition
- Variable internal and External STRUCTURES.
- MOTILITY during some or all of life cycle.
- Many have ALTERNATION OF GENERATIONS between between multicellular halploid and diploid stages.
- COLOR of photoautotraophs vary with pigments.
- Have important ECOSYSTEM roles.
Term
Some protists cause _________ ___________.
Definition
Human diseases.
Term
What are three diseases that protists can cause in humans.
Definition
- Sleeping sickness
- Vaginal infection
- Malaria
Term
What protist causes sleeping sickness?
Definition
Tryanosoma
Term
What protist causes Vaginal infections?
Definition
Trichomonas Vaginalis
Term
What protist causes malaria?
Definition
Plasmodium
Term
Why does Plasmodium cause malaria?
Definition
Because it requires at least two host organisms -- mosquitos and humans -- to complete its life cycle.
Term
True or false: all protists have motility during their entire life cycle.
Definition
False: Protists have motility during some or all of their life cycle.
Term
What is an example of a protist that has a flagella for utility?
Definition
Euglena
Term
Dinoflagellate
Definition
Protist that have two flagella reinforced by cellulose plates.
Term
What is an example of a protist that has cilia for motility?
Definition
Paramecium
Term
Pseudopods
Definition
Ameobas that change their form like "false feet" to move.
Term
What are the means by which protists have motility?
Definition
- Pseudopodia
- Cilia
- "False feet" on pseudopods
Term
What are examples of protists that have variable internal and external structures?
Definition
- Diatoms
- Golden Algae
- Brown Algae
- Slime Molds
- Radiolarians
Term
What special structure do diatoms possess?
Definition
A cell wall embedded with silica.
Term
What special structural feature do Radiolarians possess?
Definition
Silica in the cytoskeleton.
Term
What special structural feature does Brown Algae possess?
Definition
Thallus
Term
What special structural feature does Goldon Algae possess?
Definition
They are colonial
Term
Thallus
Definition
Plant-like form
Term
True or false: protists only go through single-cellular life cycles that are only haploid.
Definition
False: Protists go through multi-cellular life cycles that are both haploid and diploid.
Term
Alternation of Generations
Definition
The alternation of multicellular haploid and diploid forms in a life cycle.
Term
The life cycle of protists is characterized by...
Definition
Alternation of Generations.
Term
Haploid
Definition
One allele per gene
Term
Diploid
Definition
Two alleles per gene
Term
What is the symbol for haploid?
Definition
n
Term
What is the symbol for diploid?
Definition
2n
Term
For protists, the ________ of photoautotrophs vary with _____________.
Definition
Color, pigments.
Term
Pigments
Definition
Substances in organisms that give them color from reflecting wavelengths they do not absorb.
Term
Why is red algae red?
Definition
It has a pigment called phycoerythin that masks the green of chlorophyll.
Term
Phycoerythin
Definition
The pigment in red algae that masks the green of chlorophyll in red algae.
Term
What is the closest protist relative to plants?
Definition
Green algae
Term
Why do different protists have the color they do?
Definition
They use different wavelengths of light and reflect back the ones they do not use.
Term
True or false: plants are responsible for all photosynthesis.
Definition
False: Half of all photosynthesis comes from prokaryotes and protists.
Term
What percentage of photosynthesis are prokaryotes responsible for?
Definition
~20%
Term
What percentage of photosynthesis are protists responsible for?
Definition
~30%
Term
What makes Brown algae brown?
Definition
Cartenoids
Term
Cartenoids
Definition
Pigments that reflect brown wavelengths in Brown Algae.
Term
Plankton
Definition
Suspended small, microscopic organisms.
Term
Why are Plankton important for the enviornment?
Definition
They serve as the base for aquatic food webs.
Term
What do protists do for coral reefs?
Definition
They provide nutrition
Term
Which protist provides nutrition for coral reef?
Definition
Photosynthetic symbiotic dinoflagellates
Term
Oomycetes
Definition
Parasitic decomposers
Term
What are the Oomycetes responsible for causing in history?
Definition
They parasitically caused the Irish Potato Famine.
Term
What do all the factors the make protists diverse contribute to?
Definition
The challenge and uncertainty of protist phylogenetics.
Term
What is the name of parasitic decomposers?
Definition
Oomycetes
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