Term
| What are the domains of Prokaryotes? |
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Definition
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Term
| True or false: Prokaryotes are one of the most numerous organisms on Earth. |
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Definition
| False: They are THE most numerous organisms on Earth. |
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Term
| True or false: prokaryotes have little variety. |
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Definition
| False: prokaryotes have tremendous diversity. |
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Term
| True or false: much is still unknown about prokaryotes. |
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Definition
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Term
| What gives prokaryotes their tremendous physiological diversity? |
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Definition
| How they adapt their physiology to extreme environments. |
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Term
| What do prokaryotes lack? |
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Definition
| Membrane bound organelles. |
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Term
| What organelle do prokaryotes have? |
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Definition
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Term
| Are prokaryotes generally single celled or multicelled? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the general size of prokaryotes? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the value of a micrometre? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the three main common shapes of Prokaryotes? |
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Definition
- Cocci
- Bacilli
- Sparilla |
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Term
| What is the shape of Cocci? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is/are the kind(s) of Cocci? |
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Definition
| Diplococci, Streptococci ans Staphlococci. |
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Term
| What is the shape of Bacilli? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is/are the kind(s) of Bacilli |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the shape of Sparilla? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is/are the kind(s) of Sparilla? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the diplococci shape? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the streptococci shape? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the Streptobacilli shape? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the Spirochete shape? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the shape of Staphlococci? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do prokaryotes have for protection? |
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Definition
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Term
| What, besides prokaryotes, have cell walls? |
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Definition
| Plants, Fungi, Archaea and Bacteria. |
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Term
| What is the name of the stuff that comprises the cell walls of plants? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is cellulose made of? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the name of the stuff that comprises the cell walls of fungi? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Nitrogen containing polysaccharides. |
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Term
| What is the name of the stuff that comprises the cell walls of bacteria? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is Peptidoglycan made of? |
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Definition
| Polymers of sugars and amino acids. |
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Term
| What test is used to determine the structure of a bacterial cell wall? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two results that can come from a Gram Stain? |
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Definition
| Gram Positive and Gram Negative |
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Term
| What does Gram Positive look like? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is Gram Positive indicative of? |
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Definition
| One external layer of peptidoglycan. |
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Term
| What does Gram Negative look like? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is Gram Negative indicative of? |
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Definition
| Peptidoglycan sandwhiched between membranes. |
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Term
| What is the result of having peptidoglycan sandwhiched between membranes? |
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Definition
| The cell can have higher drug resistance. |
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Term
| Archaea cell walls are _____________ similar but _______________ different. |
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Definition
| Archaea cell walls are structurally similar but chemically different. |
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Term
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Definition
| External layer of polysaccharides and protein. |
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Term
| What does Capsule help with? |
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Definition
- Helps bacteria attach to surfaces and each other.
- Aids in formation of biofilms. |
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Term
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Definition
- Causes disease
- Help digest food in large intestine
- Cycle nutrients in ecosystem
- Aid plant growth. |
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Term
| What kind of movement are prokaryotes capable of? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Directed movement toward (positive) or away from (negative) stimuli. |
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Term
| What is an example of taxis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the structures with which prokaryotes perform taxis? |
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Definition
| Flagellum, Pilli and Fimbriae. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| How is a prokaryotic flagellum different from a eukaryotic flagellum? |
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Definition
| It is not an extension of the cytoskeleton. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Short hair-like structures. |
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Term
| What do Pilli and Fimbriae do? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a prokaryote's DNA like? |
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Definition
| A singular circular chromosome. |
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Term
| Where is the prokaryote's DNA? |
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Definition
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Term
| What structural feature serves the function of the mitochondrial cristae and the chloroplast thykaloids? |
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Definition
| Plasma membrane infoldings. |
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Term
| Plasma membrane infoldings reproduces the functions of what eukaryotic structures? |
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Definition
| Mitochondrial cristae and chloroplast thykaloids. |
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Term
| What is structurally beneficial about the infoldings of the prokaryote's plasma membrane? |
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Definition
| They allow for more surface area, which increases efficiency. |
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Term
| Through what process do prokaryotes replicate themselves? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the steps involved in binary fission? |
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Definition
| Chromosome replication and cell division. |
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Term
| Can Prokaryotes be diploid? Why or why not? |
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Definition
| No, because they only have one chromosome, so they can only have one allele for a gene. |
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Term
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Definition
| An inert cell formed inside a metabolically active bacteria cell that is capable of withstanding extreme conditions. |
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Term
| How is an endospore activated? |
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Definition
| Rehydration in a favorable environment |
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Term
| True or false: Because prokaryotes are asexual, they do not have tremendous diversity. |
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Definition
| False: Although prokaryotes are asexual, they have tremendous diversity. |
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Term
| What are the means through which prokaryotes have tremendous genetic diversity? |
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Definition
| - Rapid reproduction and mutation. - Genetic recombination. |
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Term
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Definition
| The combining of DNA from two sources. |
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Term
| What are the forms of genetic recombination? |
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Definition
| Transformation, transduction and conugation. |
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Term
| What is the structure with which genetic recombination occurs? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Small circular DNA strand with a few genes. |
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Term
| What does the Plasmid do? |
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Definition
| Replicates independently and exchanges with other genes. |
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Term
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Definition
| Separated from the chromosome. |
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Term
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Definition
| Takes in genes from environment. |
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Term
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Definition
| Genes from bacteriophage virus. |
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Term
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Definition
| Exchange between bacterial cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| Carbon source is inorganic. |
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Term
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Definition
| Carbon source is organic. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Uses O2 if available, but can use other electron acceptors. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| True or false: prokaryotes have huge metabolic diversity. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two types of autotrophs? |
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Definition
| Photoautotrophs and Chemoautotrophs. |
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Term
| What are the two types of Heterotrophs? |
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Definition
| Photoheterotrophs and Chemoheterotrophs. |
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Term
| What is the energy source of a photoautotroph? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the carbon source of photoautotrophs? |
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Definition
| CO2, HCO3- or related inorganic compounds. |
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Term
| What is the energy source of a chemoautotroph? |
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Definition
| Inorganic chemicals such as H2S, NH3 or Fe2+. |
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Term
| What is the carbon source of a chemoautotroph? |
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Definition
| CO2, HCO3- or related inorganic compound. |
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Term
| What is the energy source of a photoheterotroph? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the carbon source of a photoheterotroph? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the energy source of a chemoheterotroph? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the carbon source of a chemoheterotroph? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the the extremes of Archaea? |
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Definition
- Extreme Halophiles
- Extreme Theromophiles |
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Term
| Extreme Halophiles live in... |
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Definition
| high salinity environments. |
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Term
| Extreme Thermophiles live in... |
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Definition
| high temperature environments. |
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Term
| What is a type of Archaea that live in a more moderate environment? |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| Methane in anoxic environments as a byproduct of energy production. |
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Term
| Methanogens are found where? |
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Definition
| In wetlands and the intestines of some animals, including humans. |
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Term
| True or false: much remains unknown about archaea. |
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Definition
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