first stage of cellular respiration

the breakdown of glucose to two pyruvates

no oxygen

takes place in cytoplasm

2 ATP per molecule

keep enzyme from working

blocks active site

substrates are not involved

type of inhibition

attaches to another site to shlep change shape of active site.

actual product goes back and shuts off metabolic pathway.

regulation.

watson and crick

double helix

anitparallel

sugar-phospahte backbone

bases match up in center

semi-conservative replication

one old strand & one new strand

adds new bases to make new strands

50 bases per second

goes 5 prime to 3 prime direction

lagging strand

direction: 3 prime to 5 prime

AKA: okazaki fragments

direction: 5 prime to 3 prime

4 bases of DNA

& which one matches which?

adenine: dbl rings (a)

matches with thymine

thymine: single ring (t)

matches with adenine

cytosine: single ring (c)

matches with guanine

guanine: dbl rings (g)

matches with cytosine

leaves nucleus

single-stranded

ribose=sugar

uracil=base replaces thymine

made up of nucleotides

stays in nucleus

job=replicates itself in for of RNA

double-stranded

deoxy ribose=sugar

thymine=base

made up of nucleotides

second stage of protein synthesis

amino acids are bonded together into a polypeptide chain into base triplets in mRNA

first stage of protein synthesis

the two strands of DNA double helix are unwound in a gene region.

exposed bases of one strand become the template for assembling a single strand of RNA

sequence of bases in DNA

final product is either a polypeptide chain or an RNA molecule

initiation

elongation

termination