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| In tunicates this is the name for the water chamber which water gets to after passing through the mucus covered gill slits |
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| structure of a cnidocyst cell |
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| all animals having a bilateral symmetry, i.e. they have a front and a back end, as well as an upside and downside. |
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| Tissue composed of brown or greenish cells, located in the intestinal wall or heart of Annelida, that is an important centre of metabolism and the synthesis of haemoglobin, and that may also have an excretory function. |
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| (also indirect flight) muscles attach to the alinotum and change the shape of the thoracic box. The downstroke is accomplished by the elastic recoil of the the thorax when the muscles relax. |
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| (greek = flower animal) Class within pylum Cnidaria. This class does not have a medusa stage, it relases sperm and egg which form planula larva |
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| (greek= Head+chord) is a chordate subphylum defined by the presence of a notochord that persists throughout life. It is represented in the modern oceans by the lancelets (also known as Amphioxus). |
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| (greek=separate form) An appomorphy is a derived state or innovation. Shared between related groups with a common ancestor |
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| (in bryozoans) All colonies contain autozooids, which are responsible for feeding and excretion. |
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| (in sponges)a pore in each of the saclike chambers formed by the evagination of the body wall, through which water passes into the excurrent canals. |
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| ??? Marks begining of large intestine |
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| ??? Ring shapped structure |
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| 5 aortic arches pump the blood of the annelid worm |
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| A bivalve class of animals in the lophotrocazoa.Articulate brachiopods have toothed hinges and simple opening and closing muscles. |
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| A case produced in the larval stage of certain animals (e.g., butterflies, moths, leeches, earthworms, Turbellaria) for the resting pupal stage |
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| A cell in the epidermis of coelenterates in which a nematocyst is developed. |
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| a gland that secretes an adhesive substance (as those in the foot of many rotifers that produce secretions to anchor the animals to the substrate or as those associated with the female reproductive system of many insects) |
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| A kingdom of life. Multicellular, Eukaryotic, heterotrophs |
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| A sensory structure in ctenophores that enables the animal to sense its orientation in water; in annelids, a ciliated plate located at the back of the larva. |
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| An obsolete phylum of pseudocoelomates which are closely related to the platyhelminthes. Groups considered to be part of this phylum; Ancathocephalla, chaetognatha, cycliophora, gastrotricha, kinohyncha, loricifera, nematoda, nematomorpha, priapulida, and rotifera. |
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| Animals that are not symetric! Notably the sponges. |
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| Anterior sexles part of certain polychete worms |
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| Atelocerata is a proposed clade of arthropods that includes Hexapoda (insects and a few related taxa) and Myriapoda (millipedes, centipedes, and similar taxa), but excludes Crustacea (such as shrimp and lobsters) and Chelicerata (such as spiders and horseshoe crabs). Some authors use the name interchangeably with Uniramia and Tracheata |
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| Avicularia are found on some Bryozoans. They look like the head of a bird and are thought to discourage predation and settling of larvae on the bryozoan colony. |
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| certain hydroid buds that are destined to become a medussa |
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| Chamber between carapace and body wall (pleura) that contains gills in most decapods. |
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| distinctive anatomical feature, known as a derived trait, that is unique to a given terminal group |
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| exit point for water in a tunicate. Water, nitrogenous wastes, and gametes all exit through this point |
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| Females that are incapable of being fertilized. These animals are parthenogenic. The diploid female will give birth to diploid eggs |
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| Filter the hemolymph and act as an excretory organ |
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| Hydrooids which do not have the protective theca surrounding them. |
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| iliary sorting fields are located between the stomach and digestive gland where intracellular digestion of the food will occur. These sorting fields allow only particles with the proper size to enter the digestive gland. Those larger than this are either rejected and passed to the intestine or sent back into the stomach for further digestion. |
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| In crustacea:Chitinous or more or less calcified covering of the head region, formed of fused tergites of cephalic somites, commonly having pleura |
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| In ctenophoras: a locomotor organ consisting of a row of strong cilia whose bases are fused |
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| In hemicordate: a tubular outgrowth from the mouth cavity forward into the proboscis, |
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| In Hyalospongae(glass sponges):A choanal-syncytium forms the walls of the flagellated chambers, where you can not see individual choanocytes, but the flagella and collars distributed on a syncytium whose nuclei lie in a basal layer independently |
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| In lancelets/cephalochordata buccal cirri- act as sensory devices; filters and screens out particles too large to be consume |
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| In oligocheta: The oesophagus includes "calciferous glands" that maintain calcium balance by excreting indigestible calcium carbonate into the gut |
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| Inhalant siphon in tunicates. This structure is effectively the mouth |
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| Largest pylum of animals. They have an exoskeleton, segmented body plan and jointed appendages. |
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| muscles that are circular. Contract these and the animal sill become thinner and longer. |
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| ny cavity lined by choanocytes and located between inhalant and exhalant systems; the cell-lining of the cavity is called choanoderm. |
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| one of a pair of ganglia situated in the head or anterior part of the body in many invertebrates in front of or dorsal to the esophagus; also : a median ganglion formed by the fusion of such a pai |
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| one of the pair of legs that bears the large chelae (claw) in decapod crustaceans. |
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| Phylum of segmented worms. Metamerism of structures formed from mesoderm. 4 bundles of setae formed from beta chitin. |
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| Porifera with discrete cells. There is a skin-like pinacoderm consisting of discrete cells with few if any junctions between them (so called "gap-junctions"). |
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| processes or ridge like ingrowths of an arthropod exoskeleton that supports the internal organs and provides an attachment point for muscles |
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| Region of flexible, unsclerotized cuticle between areas of sclerotization in the exoskeleton of an arthropod |
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| Spicules serve to stiffen the mesohyle and give support. Calcium carbonate saltsd are used by calcarios sponges. |
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| Sponge larva found in calcarea. |
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| Sponge larvae. Free swimming larva with two distinct cell types; large macromeres, and smaller flagelatted micromeres. |
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| sponges have a cellular grade of organization. They do not possess any structures that can be considered organs |
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| The cardiac stomach is the front most region of the stomach |
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| The condition in which the entire body of an adult animal or plant consists of a fixed number of cells that is the same in all members of the species. This phenomenon is also called eutely. The largest group of animals exhibiting eutely are the nematode worms, |
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| The median band located on the upper portion of the mesenterial filament, this band consisting of a mesogleal core and an epithelium including supporting cells, gland cells, and nematocysts |
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| The muscular foot in mollusca * refer to notes? |
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| The Phylum Cnidaria includes such diverse forms as jellyfish, hydra, sea anemones, and corals. Cnidarians are radially or biradially symmetric,have achieved the tissue level of organization, |
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| the process of separating the cuticle from the epidermis in many arthropod groups |
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| The strands of polymerized N-acetyl glucosamine are running Parallel to each other so that the N-acetly groups do not fit together yeilding a weaker structure thanalpha chitin |
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| The subphylum Chelicerata constitutes one of the major subdivisions of the phylum Arthropoda, and includes horseshoe crabs, scorpions, spiders, mites, harvestmen, ticks, and Solifugae. |
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| The water vascular system of echinoderms. Consists of madreporite, stone canal, ring canal, and teidmans boddies. Responsible for locomotion. Ambulacral region is the region from which the tube feet extend |
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| The body whorl is part of the morphology of the shell in those gastropod mollusks that possess a coiled shell. the body whorl, or last whorl, is the most recently-formed and largest whorl (or revolution) of a spiral or helical shell, terminating in the aperture. It is called the "body whorl" because most of the body of the soft parts of the animal fits into this whorl. |
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| thin sheet of fibres that underlie the epithelium |
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| wings have 2 stable positions, up and down. As wing moves fr/ one extreme to other, passes through intermediate unstable position = click point. At click, thoracic elasticity snaps the wing through to the alternate stable position |
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