Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Bio314
CH.15
26
Biology
Undergraduate 3
06/11/2012

Additional Biology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Protein that makes up the coat of one type of transport vesicle. Clathrin-coated vesicles bud from the Golgi apparatus on the outward secretory pathway and bud from the plasma membrane on the inward endocytic pathway.
Definition
clathrin
Term
Small membrane-enclosed organelle with a cage of proteins (the coat) on its cytosolic surface. It is formed by the pinching off of a protein-coated region of membrane.
Definition
coated vesicle
Term
Contents of the main compartment of the cytoplasm, excluding membrane-enclosed organelles such as endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. The cell fraction remaining after membranes, cytoskeletal components, and other organelles have been removed.
Definition
cytosol
Term
Uptake of material into a cell by an invagination of the plasma membrane and its internalization in a membrane-bounded vesicle.
Definition
endocytosis
Term
Labyrinthine, membrane-enclosed compartment in the cytoplasm of eucaryotic cells, where lipids and secreted and membrane-bound proteins are made.
Definition
endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
Term
Membrane-enclosed compartment of a eucaryotic cell through which endocytosed material passes on its way to lysosomes.
Definition
endosome
Term
Process by which most molecules are secreted from a eucaruotic cell. These molecules are packaged in membrane-enclosed vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane, releasing their contents to the outside.
Definition
exocytosis
Term
Membrane-enclosed organelle in eucaryotic cells where the proteins and lipids made in the endoplasmic reticulum are modified and sorted for transport to other sites.
Definition
Golgi apparatus
Term
Intracellular membrane-enclosed organelle containing digestive enzymes, typically those most active at the acid pH found in these organelles.
Definition
lysosome
Term
Any organelle in the eucaryotic cell that is surrounded by a lipid bilayer membrane, for example, the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and lysosome.
Definition
membrane-enclosed organelle
Term
Double membrane surrounding the nucleus. Consists of outer and inner membranes perforated by nuclear pores.
Definition
nuclear envelope
Term
Channel through the nuclear envelope that allows selected large molecules to move between the nucleus and the cytoplasm.
Definition
nuclear pore
Term
Small membrane-enclosed organelle that uses molecular oxygen to oxidize organic molecules. Contains some enzymes that produce hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and others that degrade it.
Definition
peroxisome
Term
A cell such as a macrophage or neutrophil that is specialized to take up particles and microorganisms by phagocytosis.
Definition
phagocytic cell
Term
The process by which particulate material is engulfed ("eaten") by a cell. Prominent in predatory cells, such as Amoeba proteus, and in cells of the vertebrate immune system such as macrophages.
Definition
phagocytosis
Term
Type of endocytosis in which soluble materials are taken up from the environment and incorporated into vesicles for digestion. "cell drinking"
Definition
pinocytosis
Term
A family of small GTP-binding proteins present on the surfaces of transport vesicles and organelles that serve as molecular markers identifying each membrane type. Rab proteins help to ensure that transport vesicles fuse only with the correct membrane.
Definition
Rab protein
Term
Mechanism of selective uptake of material by animal cells in which a macromolecule binds to a receptor in the plasma membrane and enters the cell in a clathrin-coated vesicle.
Definition
receptor-mediated endocytosis
Term
Region of the endoplasmic reticulum associated with ribosomes and involved in the synthesis of secreted and membrane-bound proteins.
Definition
rough endoplasmic reticulum
Term
Production and release of a substance from a cell.
Definition
secretion
Term
Membrane-enclosed organelle in which molecules destined for secretion are stored prior to release. Sometimes called a secretory granule because darkly staining contents make the organelle visible as a small solid object.
Definition
secretory vesicle
Term
Amino acid sequence that directs a protein to a specific location in the cell, such as the nucleus or mitochondria.
Definition
signal sequence
Term
One of a family of membrane proteins responsible for the selective fusion of vesicles with a target membrane inside the cell.
Definition
SNARE
Term
Membrane vesicles that carry proteins from one intracellular compartment to another, for example from the ER to the Golgi apparatus.
Definition
transport vesicle
Term
Cellular response triggered by the accumulation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum. The cell produces more endoplasmic reticulum and more of the molecular machinery needed to restore proper protein folding and processing.
Definition
unfolded protein response (UPR)
Term
Transport of material etween organelles in the eucaryotic cell via membrane-enclose vesicles.
Definition
vesicular transport
Supporting users have an ad free experience!