Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Bio221 Midterm #2
Cell Communication, Respiration, Photosynthesis, Meiosis, Mitosis
17
Biology
Undergraduate 1
03/01/2011

Additional Biology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Paracrine
Definition
Act on other cells
Term
Autocrine
Definition
Act on self
Term
Hormones
Definition
Chemicals used for long-distance signaling
Term
Three Stages of Cell Signaling
Definition
Reception, Transduction, Response
Term
Reception
Definition
Signal molecule bind to receptor protein causing its shape to change
Term
3 main types of membrane receptors
Definition
1. G protein-coupled receptors
2. Receptor tyrosine kinases
3. Ion channel receptors
Term
Receptor Tyrosine Kinases
Definition
Membrane receptors that attach phosphates to tyrosines
Term
2 components of receptor tyrosine kinases
Definition
1. A Kinase
2.a seperate relay protein
Term
Benefits of multiple-step signal transduction
Definition
-can amplify a signal
-more opportunities for regulation
Term
Protein Kinases
Definition
Transfer phosphates from ATP to a protein
Term
Protein phosphates
Definition
Remove phosphates from proteins
Term
Common Second Messengers
Definition
Cyclic AMP and Ca2+ ions
Term
Adenylyl Cyclase
Definition
an enzyme that converts ATP to cAMP in response to an extracellular signal
Term
Protein Kinase A
Definition
What cAMP usually activates
It phosphorilates other proteins
Term
Ways in which intracellular calcium can increase
Definition
1. facilitated diffusion through ion channels
2. The release of calcium from intracellular stores
Term
Signal Amplification
Definition
At each step, the number of activated products is much greater than in the preceding step
Term
Scaffolding Proteins
Definition
Large relay proteins to which other relay proteins are attached
Supporting users have an ad free experience!