Term
| Reasons why land plants evolved from green algae |
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Definition
1.) Rosette-shaped cellulose-synthesizing complexes
2.) Peroxisome enzymes
3.)Structure of flagellated sperm
4.) Formation of a phragmoplast |
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Definition
| group of microtubules form between the daughter nuclei of a diving cell |
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Definition
| layer of durable polymer that prevents exposed zygotes from drying out |
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Term
| advantages of plants being terrestrial |
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Definition
| direct sunlight, more CO2, not many predators, rich nutrients in soil |
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Term
| disadvantages of plants being terrestrial |
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Definition
| scarcity of water, lack of structural support against gravity, harder sex reproduction |
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Term
| Four Derived Traits fo Land Plants |
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Definition
| alternation of generations, walled spores produced in sporangia, multicellular gametangia, apical meristems |
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Term
| alternation of generations |
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Definition
| each generation of the organism gives rise to the other |
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Term
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Definition
| haploid; named for production by mitosis of haploid gametes (egg and sperm) |
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Definition
| multicellular diploid; made by mitotic division of zygote |
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Definition
| made by meiosis in mature sporophytes; spores are reproductive cells that can develop into a new haploid organism without fusing with another cell |
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Definition
| enhances the transfer of nutrients from parent to embryo through elaborate ingrowths of teh wall surface |
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Definition
| produces spores in plants |
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Definition
| "spore mother cells"; diploid in sporangium; generate haploid spores |
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Definition
| production of gametes within multicellular organs |
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Term
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Definition
| female gametangia; pear shaped organ that produces a single nonmotile egg retained within the bulbous part of the organ |
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Definition
| male gametangia; produces sperm and releases them into the environment |
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Definition
| localized regions of cell division at the tips of shoots and roots |
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Term
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Definition
| epidermis covering of many species |
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Term
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Definition
| cells joined into tubes that transport water and nutrients throughout the plant body |
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Term
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Definition
| "moss-, -plant"; nonvascular plants; Liverworts, hornworts, mosses |
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Definition
| club mosses and their relatives; vascular clade |
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Definition
| ferns and their relatives; vascular plant clade |
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Term
| Two clades for seedless vascular plants |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| collection of organisms that share a common level of biological organization or adaptation |
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Definition
| embryo packaged with a supply of nutrients inside a protective coat |
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Term
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Definition
| seeded vascular plant that have seeds not enclosed in chambers "naked-,-seed" |
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Term
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Definition
| "container-, -seed"; all flowering plants |
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Term
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Definition
| "first-, -threads"; enhances absorption of water and minerals produced by germinating moss spores (bryophytes) |
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Term
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Definition
| gamete producing structure that are grown from the buds in brophytes |
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Term
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Definition
| anchor the gametophytes in bryophytes |
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Term
| bryophyte sporophyte consists of: |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| absorbs nutrients from the gametophyte in bryophytes |
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Term
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Definition
| stalk; conducts these materialts to the sporangium (capsule) |
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Term
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Definition
| upper part of the capsule features a ring of interlocking, tooth-like structures; opens when dry, closes when moist |
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Term
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Definition
| pores in hornwort and moss sporophytes and all vascular plants support photosynthesis by allowing the exchange of CO2 and O2 between the air and sporophyte |
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Term
| vascular plants have two types of vascular tissue: |
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Definition
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Definition
| conducts most of the water and minerals |
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Definition
| tube-shaped cells that carry water and minerals up from roots in vascular plants |
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Definition
| cells arranged into tubes that distribute sugars, amino acids, and other organic products |
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Definition
| organs that absorb water and nutrients from the soil; anchor vascular plants |
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Term
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Definition
| increase surface area of plant body and serve as primary photosynthetic organ of vascular plants |
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Definition
| small, usually spine shaped leaves supported by a singe strand of vascular tissue; only for lycophytes |
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Definition
| leaves with a highly branched vascular system; greater photosynthetic productivity |
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Definition
| modified leaves that bear sporangia in vascular plants |
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Definition
| clusters of sporangia in seedless vascular plants |
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Definition
| one type of sporangium that produces one type of spore which typically develops into a bisexual gametophyte |
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Term
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Definition
| produces two types of spores (megaspores, microspores) |
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