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| pattern of evolution over large time scales |
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| collections of abiotically produced molecules surrounded by a membrane-like structure |
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| catalysts in RNA; carries out a number of enzyme-like catalytic functions |
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| the time required for 50% of the parent isotope to decay |
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| Origin of Earth, Oldest fossils of prokaryotes and rocks form, atmospheric oxygen increases |
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| Eukaryotes appear, diverse algae and soft-bodied invertebrate animals appear |
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| layered rocks that form when certain prokaryotes bind thin films of sediment together. (3.5 billion years ago) Earliest sign of life |
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| posits that mitochondria and plastids (chloroplasts) were formerly small prokaryotes that began living within larger cells |
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| mitochondria evolved before plastids through a sequence of endosymbiotic events (all eukaryotes have mitochondria, but not plastids) |
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| many phyla of living animals appear suddenly in fossils (535-520 million years ago) |
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| periods of evolutionary change in which groups of organisms form many new species whose adaptations allow them to fill different ecological roles in their communities |
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| evolutionary change in the rate or timing of developmental events (hetero- different, chron- time) |
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| juvenile structures in an ancestral species |
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| determine basic features as where a pair of wings would be located at |
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| Sudden increase of animal phyla (Cambrian Explosion) |
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