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BIO211 - 31
Chapter 31 - Fungi
35
Biology
Undergraduate 1
02/14/2011

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Term
how do fungi derive nutrition
Definition
heterotrophs that feed by absorption
Term
yeasts
Definition
single cells in fungi
Term
hyphae
Definition
network of tiny filaments (body of fungi)
Term
chitin
Definition
what fungal cell walls are made of
Term
mycelium
Definition
interwoven mass of fungal hyphae
Term
motile
Definition
ability to move, run, swim, fly in search of food or mates
Term
True/False. The fungus concentrates its energy and resources on increasing hyphal girth, rather than hyphal length.
Definition
False
Term
septa
Definition
crosswalls that divide cells in the hyphae
Term
coenocytic fungi
Definition
organisms that have a continuous cytoplasmic mass having hundreds of thousands of nuclei. no cell wall separating each nucleus
Term
haustoria
Definition
specialized hyphae which the fungi use to extract nutrients from their hosts
Term
ectomycorrhizal fungi
Definition
"out-"; type of mycorrhizal fungi; forms sheaths of hyphae over the surface of a root and also grow into the extracellular spaces of the cortex
Term
mycorrhizae fungi
Definition
"fungus roots" mutually beneficial relationships between fungi and plant roots
Term
arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
Definition
"tree-"; type of mycorrhizal fungi; extend their branching hyphae through the root cell wall and into tubes formed by pushing inward of the root cell membrane
Term
pheromones
Definition
hyphae from two mycelia release sexual signaling molecules
Term
plasmogamy
Definition
union of two parent mycelia
Term
heterokaryon
Definition
parts of mycelium contain coexisting, genetically different nuclei during plasmogamy when the fungi don't fuse right away
Term
dikaryotic
Definition
the different nuclei may even exchange chromosomes and genes in a process similar to crossing over
Term
karyogamy
Definition
the haploid nuclei contributed by the two parents fuse, producing diploid cells
Term
molds
Definition
fungi that reproduce asexually by growing as filamentous fungi that produce haploid spored by mitosis
Term
deuteromycetes
Definition
"second-, -fungus"; no sexual stage
Term
opisthokonts
Definition
name that refers to the posterior location of the flagellum in these organisms
Term
chytrids
Definition
flagellated zoospores; early in fungi evolution
Term
zoospores
Definition
flagellated spores
Term
zygomycetes
Definition
molds, parasites, commensal symbionts of animals
Term
zygosporangium
Definition
produced by plasmogamy; zygote that's multi-nucleate structure
Term
glomeromycetes
Definition
formerly zygomycetes, but they form arbuscular mycorrhizae
Term
ascomycetes
Definition
type of fungi that productes sexual spores in saclike asci; commonly known as sac fungi
Term
ascocarps
Definition
fruiting bodies in sexual stages of most ascomycetes
Term
conidia
Definition
asexual spores produced by ascomycetes
Term
basidiomycetes
Definition
"little pedestal" important decomposers of woods and other plants
Term
basidiocarps
Definition
fruiting bodies made sexually by mycelium in response to environmental stimuli
Term
endophytes
Definition
fungi that live insides leaves or other plant parts without causing harm
Term
lichen
Definition
symbiotic association between a photosynthetic microorganism and a fungus in which millions of photosynthetic cells are help in a mass of fungal hyphae
Term
soredia
Definition
small clusters of hyphae with embedded algae
Term
mycosis
Definition
general term for fungal infection
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