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Bio210A Lab Midterm 2 - Mitosis Root Tip Lab
Study guide for second lab midterm
28
Biology
Undergraduate 2
09/23/2013

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Term
In unicellular organisms, the process of cell division leads to _____________________.
Definition
the formation of a new organism
Term
In multicellular organisms, cell division is used for _________________________.
Definition
growth, development, and repair of the organism
Term
In growth, cell division allows for organisms to develop from ________________, and continue to grow through _________________.
Definition
single cells, successive cell divisions
Term
Once fully grown, a multicellular organism can continue to function through ______________ and ____________.
Definition
renewal, repair
Term
Through which process do bacteria reproduce?
Definition
Binary Fission
Term
What are the three basic steps of cell division?
Definition
  1. DNA Duplication (Replication of chromosomal content)
  2. DNA Separation (Chromosome Separation)
  3. Cytokinesis (Division of Cytoplasm)
Term
What are the steps of eukaryotic cell division?
Definition
Eukaryotic cells undergo the same steps during division as prokaryotic cells (see previous card).
Term
Mitosis
Definition
Cell Division, Results in the production of two daughter cells that are genetically identical to each other and to the parent nucleus.
Term
Cell Cycle
Definition
This describes the life of a cell from the time that it is first formed from a dividing parent until its own division into two daughter cells.
Term
Mitosis
Definition

Resuls in the production of two daughter cells that are genetically identical to each other and to the parent nucleus

 

(it's really just another word for cell division ok)

Term
What are the three stages of the cell cycle?
Definition
Interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis
Term
Interphase
Definition
  • Stage following cell division
  • Longest stage of the cell cycle
  • Not yet actively dividing, but not considered at rest
  • A cell that is about to divide grows and copies its chromosomes (also known as chromatin) in preparation for cell division
  • Chromosomes exist in a highly uncoiled state and thus difficult to visualize when stained, and appear as a hazy mass in the center of the cell
Term
What are the three substages of interphase?
Definition
  1. G1 (First gap)
  2. S (Synthesis)
  3. G2 (Second gap)
Term
Stages of the Cell Cycle (Visual)
Definition
[image]
Term
G1
Definition
The cell approximately doubles in size and its enzymes and organelles double in number. Late in this stage, a checkpoint determines whether cells are ready to continue and divide.
Term
G0
Definition
If a cell does not proceed to the "S" stage to continue to cell division, it exits the cell cycle and goes into a "nondividing" state known as G0. Most cells of a multicellular organism are in G0. They do not have to divide but are instead performing daily cellular functions.
Term
In order to pass the checkpoint, a cell must _________________________.
Definition
reach a certain cell size
Term
Protein Kinases
Definition
Enzymes that fluctuate in concentration throughout the cell cycle and play a role in regulating when a cell will proceed into the next phase of the cell cycle
Term
Kinases regulate cell activity by __________________________.
Definition
phosphorylating specific proteins
Term
Cyclins
Definition
Regulatory proteins that can regulate protein kinases in the cell
Term
A protein kinase that is regulated by cyclins is known as a ____________________
Definition
cylin-dependent kinase (Cdk)
Term
S
Definition
Stage of the cell cycle where chromosomes replicate (DNA replication).
Term
What must happen before cell division occurs?
Definition
The cell has to replicate the chromosomes so each daughter cell can have a set.
Term
_______________ condenses to form chromosomes during cell division.
Definition
Chromatin
Term
When chromosomes are replicated and getting ready to divide, they consist of two, identical halves called _____________________.
Definition
sister chromatids
Term
Sister chromatids are joined by a central region, called the _________________.
Definition
centromere
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