Term
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Definition
| must be broken down into monomers to exit/be transported in blood |
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Term
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Definition
1. cell body
2. dendrites
3. axon
4. axon terminals |
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Term
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Definition
| contains nucleus & organelles |
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Term
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Definition
| projection from cell body, brings info to cell body |
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Term
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Definition
| longest projection, carries info as AP |
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Term
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Definition
| forms synapse at tip of axon |
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Term
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Definition
| region of cell body where signals are generated |
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Term
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Definition
| space between dendrtites and presynaptic and post synaptic cells |
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Term
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Definition
| supports neurons, suppy nutrients, insulate axons |
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Term
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Definition
| contributes to blood-brain barrier (protects from toxins) |
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Term
| oligodendrocytes & Schwan cells |
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Definition
| form mylin sheath around axons |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| AP jumps from node to node increasing AP conduction speed |
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Term
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Definition
| electrical potential across membrame |
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Term
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Definition
| membrane potential of resting neuron |
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Term
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Definition
| result of ions moving across plasma membrane |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| transports 3 Na+ out for every 2K+ in, needs ATP |
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Term
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Definition
| allows passive movement down gradient, permeable to K+ |
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Term
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Definition
| respond to voltage change across membrane |
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Term
| chemically-gated channels |
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Definition
| respond to binding molecules |
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Term
| mechanically-gated channels |
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Definition
| respond to force applied to membrane |
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Term
| return to resting potential |
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Definition
| voltage-gated Na+ channels close & voltage gated K+ channels open |
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Term
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Definition
| inside of neuron beomes more negative(gated K+ opens and K+ exits cell) |
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Term
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Definition
| time required for Na+ channels to open again after they have opened & closed |
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Term
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Definition
| controls excitatory muscles |
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Term
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Definition
| produces feelings of pleasure; inhibitory |
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Term
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Definition
| neurotransmitters and hormone (fight or flight) |
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Term
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Definition
| mood, pain control, appetite |
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Term
| inhibitory postsynaptic receptors |
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Definition
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Term
| excitatory postsynaptic receptors |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| ion channels binding neurotransmitter causes change in ion flow |
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Term
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Definition
| induce signaling cascades that lead to changes in ion channels |
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Term
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Definition
| open up to allow ion to flow into cell |
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Term
| excitatory postsynaptic potentials |
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Definition
| chages in membrane potential that increases probability of an AP (depolarization) |
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Term
| inhibitory postsynaptic potentials |
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Definition
| changes in embrane potential that decreases probability of a AP |
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Term
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Definition
| adds up messages at different synaptic sites |
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Term
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Definition
| add up potentials generated at same site over time |
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Term
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Definition
| cells of brain and spinal chord |
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Term
| peripheral nervous system |
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Definition
| neurons and support cells found outside of CNS |
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Term
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Definition
| portion of PNS that carries out sensory info to CNS |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| portion of PNS that carries voluntary & involuntary |
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Term
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Definition
| acts on same organs with opposing actions |
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Term
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Definition
| rapid activation of systems, increased heart rate, faster breathing |
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Term
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Definition
| rest & digest, maintain and restore body functions |
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Term
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Definition
| adderent info converted to efferent activity without brain |
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Term
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Definition
| info between brain and organs, integrates info from PNS, issues motor commands |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-frontal lobe
-parietal lobe
-temporal lobe
-occipital lobe |
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Term
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Definition
| primary motor cortex, controls muscles |
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Term
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Definition
| primary somatosensory motor cortex; receives touch and pressure |
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Term
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Definition
| receives/processes auditory info |
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Term
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Definition
| receives/processes visual info |
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Term
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Definition
| diminishing response to repeated stimulation (ignore background noise) |
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Term
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Definition
| receptor proteins that bind various ligends (taste & smell) |
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Term
| # of odorants is greater than |
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Definition
| the # of olfactory receptor types |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| clusters of chemoreeptors |
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Term
| ionotropic receptor tastes: |
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Definition
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Term
| metatropic receptor tastes: |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-receptor cell binds ligend
-membrane potential changes
-neurotransmitters released on sensory dendrites |
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Term
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Definition
| detection of forces, physical distortion of plamsa membrane opens ion channel, leads to AP |
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Term
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Definition
| mechanoreeptors in muscles. muscles tretch, AP generated |
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Term
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Definition
| in tendon & ligaments. prevents muscle tearing |
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Term
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Definition
1. pinna
2. auditory canal
3. tympanic membrane |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| vibrates with same frequency of sound waves & passes vibrations onto middle ear |
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Term
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Definition
| ossicles; stapes, incus, malleus |
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Term
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Definition
| transmit tympanic membrane vibrations to oral window and amplifies sound waves |
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Term
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Definition
-oral window
-cochlea
-organ of corti
-hair cells |
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Term
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Definition
| passes vibrations to cochlea |
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Term
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Definition
| fluid-filled chamber with hair cells |
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Term
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Definition
| on basilar membrane where hair cells located |
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Term
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Definition
| opens & closes ion channels, releases neurotransmitters, cause AP afferent into brain |
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Term
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Definition
| wide-low frequencies and narrow-high frequencies |
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Term
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Definition
| connective tissue made of cells in a liquid extracellular matrix (plasma) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| transports O2, in red blood cells, contains iron |
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Term
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Definition
| local actions in capillary bed that cause arteries to constrict or dilate |
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Term
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Definition
| low O2 and high CO2 levels |
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Term
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Definition
| released in response to full arterial pressure or fight/flight response |
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Term
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Definition
| produced when blood supply to kidneys fail |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| saolutes move from areas of high concentration to low |
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Term
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Definition
| solutes can't move across barrier to water does from high to low water conc |
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Term
|
Definition
| process of regulating conc of solutes and water in body |
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Term
|
Definition
| conc. of dissolved sunstances in solution |
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Term
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Definition
| solution with lower solute conc. compared to another |
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Term
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Definition
| solution with higher solute conc. compared to another |
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Term
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Definition
| equilibriate their osmolarity with seawater |
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Term
|
Definition
| maintain osmolarities lowers than seawater |
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Term
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Definition
| allow ionic composition to match env |
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Term
|
Definition
| conserve some ions and excrete others to maintain composition |
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Term
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Definition
| much less toxic than ammonia, requires less water for excretion |
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Term
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Definition
| less toxic than ammonia, secreted as paste (birds), requires more energy to produce than urea |
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Term
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Definition
| removal of water and small solutes from blood. leaves large solutes and blood cells |
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Term
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Definition
| removal of excess salts and toxins |
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Term
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Definition
| material in filtrate recaptured and returned to blood |
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Term
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Definition
1. water and salt balance
2. filter toxins from blood and transport to bladder |
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Term
|
Definition
1. renal cortex (outermost part)
2. renal medulla (middle)
3. renal pelvis (inner core) |
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Term
|
Definition
| functional unit of kidney |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| have a loop of henle that extends into medulla (only mammals and birds) |
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Term
|
Definition
1. bowman's capsule (filtration)
2. proximal tubule (reabsorption)
3. loop of henle (creates osmotic gradients, urine conc)
4. distal tubule (regulates water and electrolyte balance)
5. collecting duct (regulates water and electrolyte balance) |
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Term
|
Definition
| low osmolarity in cortex, high in medulla |
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Term
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Definition
| capillaries paralleling loop of henele and collecting duct |
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Term
|
Definition
| describes diffusion across respitory surfaces |
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